功臣

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Chinese

merit; achievement; result
merit; achievement; result; service; accomplishment
 
statesman; vassal; courtier
statesman; vassal; courtier; minister; official
 
simp. and trad.
(功臣) 		功 臣

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 功 臣
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 東 (1) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 古紅切 植鄰切
Baxter kuwng dzyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuŋ/ /d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kuŋ/ /d͡ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuŋ/ /d͡ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kəwŋ/ /d͡ʑin/
Li
Rong 		/kuŋ/ /ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/kuŋ/ /ʑĭĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kuŋ/ /ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gōng chén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gung1 san4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 功 臣
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gōng chén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kuwng › ‹ dzyin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁoŋ/ /*i/
English work, effort slave, subject

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 功 臣
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 4021 1342
Phonetic
component 		工 臣
Rime
group 		東 眞
Rime
subdivision 		0 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		公 辰
Old
Chinese 		/*koːŋ/ /*ɡiŋ/
Notes 甲文臧象以戈刺目爲奴，
省戈表不刺者則爲臣，
專指役使於家內者

Noun

功臣

  1. person who has made an exceptional contribution
  2. (historical) subject, minister or official who has rendered outstanding service

Synonyms

  • (subject, minister or official): 勛臣／勋臣 (xūnchén)

References

  • 郭启熹 , editor (2016), “功臣”, in 龙岩方言词典 LONGYAN FANGYAN CIDIAN [Dictionary of Longyan dialect] (overall work in Min Nan and Mandarin), Xiamen: 鷺江出版社 , →ISBN, page 486.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
功 臣
こう
Grade: 4 		しん
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 功臣 (MC kuwng dzyin).

Pronunciation

Noun

功(こう)臣(しん) • (kōshin) 

  1. a meritorious retainer

References

  1. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ “功臣Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

Korean

Hanja in this term
功臣

Noun

功臣 • (gongsin) (hangeul 공신)

  1. hanja form? of 공신

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
功臣

Noun

功臣

  1. chữ Hán form of công thần.
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