已而

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Chinese

		already; to stop; then already; to stop; then; afterwards	and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
simp. and trad. (已而)		已	而
anagram		而已

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐ'ér

(Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄦˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ ji⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐ'ér
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄦˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐ-ér
  - Wade–Giles: i³-êrh²
  - Yale: yǐ-ér
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiierl
  - Palladius: иэр (ier)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁵ ji⁴
  - Yale: yíh yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ jiː²¹/

Middle Chinese: yiX|yiH nyi

Rime
Character	已	已	而
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	羊己切	羊吏切	如之切
Baxter	yiX	yiH	nyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/	/ȵɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/	/ȵɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ie^X/	/ie^H/	/ȵʑie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/	/ȵɨ/
Li Rong	/iə^X/	/iə^H/	/ȵiə/
Wang Li	/jĭə^X/	/jĭə^H/	/ȵʑĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i^X/	/i^H/	/ȵʑi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ	yì	ér
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁵	ji⁶	ji⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢ(r)əʔ nə/

(Zhengzhang): /*lɯʔ njɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	已	而
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐ	ér
Middle Chinese	‹ yi^X ›	‹ nyi ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢ(r)əʔ/	/*nə/
English	cease; already	and, but
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	已	而
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14924	2720
Phonetic component	已	而
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	以	而
Old Chinese	/*lɯʔ/	/*njɯ/
Notes	巳轉註字

Adverb

已而

(Classical) soon; before long

Verb

已而

(Classical) forget it; let it be
Synonym: 算了 (suànle)
- 楚狂接輿歌而過孔子曰：「鳳兮！鳳兮！何德之衰？往者不可諫，來者猶可追。已而，已而！今之從政者殆而！」
  楚狂接舆歌而过孔子曰：「凤兮！凤兮！何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追。已而，已而！今之从政者殆而！」
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Chǔ kuáng Jiē Yú gē ér guò kǒngzǐ yuē: “Fèng xī! Fèng xī! Hé dé zhī shuāi? Wǎng zhě bùkě jiàn, lái zhě yóu kě zhuī. Yǐ'ér, yǐ'ér! Jīn zhī cóngzhèngzhě dài ér!”
  The madman of Chu, Jie Yu, passed by Confucius, singing and saying, "O Feng! O Feng! How is your virtue degenerated! As to the past, reproof is useless; but the future may still be provided against. Give up your vain pursuit. Give up your vain pursuit. Peril awaits those who now engage in affairs of government."

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