瀨

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See also: 濑 and 瀬
瀨 U+7028, 瀨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7028
← 瀧
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 瀩 →

Translingual

Traditional 瀨
Shinjitai 瀬
Simplified 濑

Han character

瀨 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 水木中金 (EDLC), four-corner 31186, composition ⿰氵賴)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 660, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1070, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1782, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7028

Chinese

trad. 瀨
simp. 濑
alternative forms 瀬

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 瀨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (賴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
賴 *raːds
籟 *raːds
癩 *raːds, *raːd
瀨 *raːds
藾 *raːds
攋 *raːds, *reːdʔ, *raːd
懶 *raːnʔ
嬾 *raːnʔ
獺 *r̥ʰaːd, *hr'aːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːds) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds).

Etymology 1

As this word appeared in texts about ancient Eastern Yue (now Min) area and Chen Zan remarked that it was a Wu-Yue word, Schuessler (2007) speculates that it has Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Wa-Lawa-Bulang *rah "rapids, waterfall" & Old Khmer rat (“to move swiftly, to run”), possibly derived from a root meaning "swift". Proto-Min *l̥aiꟲ is identical to Proto-Tai *hla:iᴮ¹.

Possibly unrelated to 濿 (OC *m·rads) "a ford".

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 瀨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 泰 (25)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 落蓋切
Baxter lajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lajH/
Li
Rong 		/lɑiH/
Wang
Li 		/lɑiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		laai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 瀨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lajH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.rˁa-s/
English rapids

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 瀨
Reading # 1/1
No. 7634
Phonetic
component 		賴
Rime
group 		祭
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		賴
Old
Chinese 		/*raːds/

Definitions

瀨

  1. rapids; swift current
  2. (Hokkien) shallow part of a river with a rapid current
Synonyms
  • (rapids): (literary) 湍流 (tuānliú)

Compounds

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Same word as 賴 "to leave behind"?”)

Pronunciation

Definitions

瀨

  1. (Cantonese) to pass (urine or feces) involuntarily
    我就嚟急到瀨喇，可唔可以去廁所呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    我就嚟急到濑喇，可唔可以去厕所呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 zau6 lei4 gap1 dou3 laai6 laa3, ho2 m4 ho2 ji5 heoi3 ci3 so2 aa3?
    I need to go so badly that I'm going to wet myself. Can I go to the washroom?

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai

瀬

Kyūjitai

瀨

Kanji

瀨

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 瀬)

  1. swift current
  2. rapids

Readings

  • On (unclassified): らい (rai)
  • Kun: せ (se, 瀨)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瀨 (MC lajH). Recorded as Middle Korean 뢰〮 (lwóy) (Yale: lwoy) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

瀨 (eumhun 여울 뢰 (yeoul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 여울 뇌 (yeoul noe))

  1. hanja form? of ] (“rapids”)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
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