蒜

蒜 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一火火 (TMFF), four-corner 4499₁, composition ⿱艹祘)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1048, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31562
• Dae Jaweon: page 1510, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3259, character 13
• Unihan data for U+849C

Wikipedia has an article on:

• 蒜

Historical forms of the character 蒜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sloːns) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 祘 (OC *sloːns).

Matisoff considers this to be derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *swa-n (“garlic”), but more likely this may be a plant imported from the Western Regions in the Qin–Han era. The relatively late attestation and the earlier form of 卵蒜 (luǎnsuàn) attest to the latter theory.

Compare Sanskrit लशुन (laśuna), Pali lasuṇa, lasuna. The Old Chinese reconstruction was revised to a *-or rhyme in the Baxter–Sagart system, akin to its homophone 算 (“to calculate”). Hence compare Persian سیر (sir, “garlic”), Khotanese sārmā- (“the plant Basella cordifolia or B. lucida or B. rubra”), Hungarian sárma (“Ornithogalum sp.”), as well as Turkish sarımsak, Mongolian саримс (sarims).

Either way this word is cognate with the second syllable of Burmese ကြက်သွန် (krakswan, “onion”), ကြက်သွန်ဖြူ (krakswanhpru, “garlic”).

蒜

1. garlic

• (Hokkien) 蒜仔

• → Lisu: ꓢꓪꓮꓠꓸ (swɑ́n)

• “蒜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

蒜

Wikipedia ^ja

(Hyōgai kanji)

• Go-on: さん (san)
• Kan-on: さん (san)
• Kun: にんにく (ninniku)、ひる (hiru)

Origin uncertain. There are two leading theories.

• Deriving ultimately from some compound and shift of 匂い (nioi, “smell, scent”) + 憎い (nikui, “hateful; bitter”).^[1] Possible progression:

⟨nipopi₁⟩ + ⟨niku⟩ → */nipopi niku/ → */nipniku/ → /ninniku/

• Deriving as a shift in meaning from Buddhist term 忍辱 (ninniku, “patience, forbearance, forgiveness”). Apparently garlic was seen as stimulating, and as such it was a forbidden food and monks would have to forbear from eating it, possibly giving rise to use of the term as a euphemism.^[2][1]

• (Tokyo) にんにく (Heiban – )^[3][4]
• IPA^(key):

蒜(にんにく) or 蒜(ニンニク) • (ninniku) 

1. garlic

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ニンニク.

• 行者葫(ぎょうじゃにんにく) (gyōjaninniku)
• 浜蒜(はまにんにく) (hamaninniku)

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *peru (“garlic”). First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[5]

• (Tokyo) ひる (Atamadaka – )^[3][4]
• IPA^(key):

蒜(ひる) • (hiru) 

1. allium

• 大蒜(おおびる) (ōbiru, “garlic”)
• 根蒜(ねびる) (nebiru), 沢蒜(ねびる) (nebiru)
• 野蒜(のびる) (nobiru)
• 蒜山(ひるぜん) (Hiruzen, “Hiruzen”)

(Hyōgai kanji)

• Kun: ふぃる (firu, 蒜)

Cognate with Japanese 蒜(ひる) (hiru).

蒜(ふぃる) (firu) 

1. garlic

• “ふぃる【蒜・葫】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

蒜 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

(Hyōgai kanji)

• Kun: ふぃる (firu, 蒜)

Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ひる.^[1]

• (Shuri) IPA^(key):

蒜(ふぃる) (firu) 

1. garlic

   んかしぇー　ふぃるぬ　かー　んーち　さきぢきっし　ふぃるじゃき　ちゅくたん。どぅー　あんまさる　ばすねー、ふぃるじゃき　ぬだいっし　うぬ　みーん　かなーち　かみーねー　たでーま　はしっとぅ　なたん　どー。

   Nkashē firunu kā nnchi sakijikisshi firujaki chukutan. Dū anmasaru basunē, firujaki nudaisshi unu mīn kanāchi kamīnē tadēma hashittu natan dō.

   In the past, we made garlic sake by peeling off the skin of the garlic. When we don't feel happy, we'd drink the garlic sake and ate the contents of it, and we would feel good right away.

• Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局), page 240
• Miyara, Shinshō (宮良信詳) (2021) うちなーぐち活用辞典 [Dictionary of the Practical Use of Okinawan] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京都): Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo, Gengo Hen'i Kenkyū Ryōiki (国立国語研究所 言語変異研究領域), →DOI, →ISBN, page 291

(Hyōgai kanji)

• Kun: ぴる (piru, 蒜)

Cognate with Japanese 蒜(ひる) (hiru).

蒜(ぴる) (piru) 

1. garlic

• “ぴる【蒜・葫】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.