gundua

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Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-gundua (infinitive kugundua)

  1. to catch, discover, expose, startle

Conjugation

Conjugation of -gundua
Positive present -nagundua
Subjunctive -gundue
Negative -gundui
Imperative singular gundua
Infinitives
Positive kugundua
Negative kutogundua
Imperatives
Singular gundua
Plural gundueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hugundua
Positive past positive subject concord + -ligundua
Negative past negative subject concord + -kugundua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nagundua)
Singular Plural
1st person ninagundua/nagundua tunagundua
2nd person unagundua mnagundua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anagundua wanagundua
other classes positive subject concord + -nagundua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -gundui)
Singular Plural
1st person sigundui hatugundui
2nd person hugundui hamgundui
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hagundui hawagundui
other classes negative subject concord + -gundui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tagundua
Negative future negative subject concord + -tagundua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -gundue)
Singular Plural
1st person nigundue tugundue
2nd person ugundue mgundue
3rd person m-wa(I/II) agundue wagundue
other classes positive subject concord + -gundue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sigundue
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngegundua
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singegundua
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaligundua
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaligundua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -agundua)
Singular Plural
1st person nagundua twagundua
2nd person wagundua mwagundua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) agundua wagundua
m-mi(III/IV) wagundua yagundua
ji-ma(V/VI) lagundua yagundua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chagundua vyagundua
n(IX/X) yagundua zagundua
u(XI) wagundua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwagundua
pa(XVI) pagundua
mu(XVIII) mwagundua
Perfect positive subject concord + -megundua
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshagundua
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jagundua
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kigundua
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipogundua
Consecutive kagundua / positive subject concord + -kagundua
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kagundue
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nigundua -tugundua
2nd person -kugundua -wagundua/-kugundueni/-wagundueni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mgundua -wagundua
m-mi(III/IV) -ugundua -igundua
ji-ma(V/VI) -ligundua -yagundua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kigundua -vigundua
n(IX/X) -igundua -zigundua
u(XI) -ugundua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kugundua
pa(XVI) -pagundua
mu(XVIII) -mugundua
Reflexive -jigundua
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -gundua- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -gunduaye -gunduao
m-mi(III/IV) -gunduao -gunduayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -gundualo -gunduayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -gunduacho -gunduavyo
n(IX/X) -gunduayo -gunduazo
u(XI) -gunduao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -gunduako
pa(XVI) -gunduapo
mu(XVIII) -gunduamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -gundua)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yegundua -ogundua
m-mi(III/IV) -ogundua -yogundua
ji-ma(V/VI) -logundua -yogundua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chogundua -vyogundua
n(IX/X) -yogundua -zogundua
u(XI) -ogundua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kogundua
pa(XVI) -pogundua
mu(XVIII) -mogundua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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