haribu

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Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic خَرَبَ (ḵaraba).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-haribu (infinitive kuharibu)

  1. to destroy, ruin, damage

Conjugation

Conjugation of -haribu
Positive present -naharibu
Subjunctive -haribu
Negative -haribu
Imperative singular haribu
Infinitives
Positive kuharibu
Negative kutoharibu
Imperatives
Singular haribu
Plural haribuni
Tensed forms
Habitual huharibu
Positive past positive subject concord + -liharibu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuharibu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naharibu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninaharibu/naharibu tunaharibu
2nd person unaharibu mnaharibu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaharibu wanaharibu
other classes positive subject concord + -naharibu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -haribu)
Singular Plural
1st person siharibu hatuharibu
2nd person huharibu hamharibu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haharibu hawaharibu
other classes negative subject concord + -haribu
Positive future positive subject concord + -taharibu
Negative future negative subject concord + -taharibu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -haribu)
Singular Plural
1st person niharibu tuharibu
2nd person uharibu mharibu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aharibu waharibu
other classes positive subject concord + -haribu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siharibu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeharibu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeharibu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliharibu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliharibu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aharibu)
Singular Plural
1st person naharibu twaharibu
2nd person waharibu mwaharibu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aharibu waharibu
m-mi(III/IV) waharibu yaharibu
ji-ma(V/VI) laharibu yaharibu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaharibu vyaharibu
n(IX/X) yaharibu zaharibu
u(XI) waharibu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaharibu
pa(XVI) paharibu
mu(XVIII) mwaharibu
Perfect positive subject concord + -meharibu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshaharibu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaharibu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kiharibu
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipoharibu
Consecutive kaharibu / positive subject concord + -kaharibu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaharibu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -niharibu -tuharibu
2nd person -kuharibu -waharibu/-kuharibuni/-waharibuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mharibu -waharibu
m-mi(III/IV) -uharibu -iharibu
ji-ma(V/VI) -liharibu -yaharibu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiharibu -viharibu
n(IX/X) -iharibu -ziharibu
u(XI) -uharibu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuharibu
pa(XVI) -paharibu
mu(XVIII) -muharibu
Reflexive -jiharibu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -haribu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -haribuye -haribuo
m-mi(III/IV) -haribuo -haribuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -haribulo -haribuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -haribucho -haribuvyo
n(IX/X) -haribuyo -haribuzo
u(XI) -haribuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -haribuko
pa(XVI) -haribupo
mu(XVIII) -haribumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -haribu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeharibu -oharibu
m-mi(III/IV) -oharibu -yoharibu
ji-ma(V/VI) -loharibu -yoharibu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choharibu -vyoharibu
n(IX/X) -yoharibu -zoharibu
u(XI) -oharibu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koharibu
pa(XVI) -poharibu
mu(XVIII) -moharibu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 87 Nr. 775
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