paswa

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Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-paswa (infinitive kupaswa)

  1. Passive form of -pasa: to be obliged; should

Conjugation

Conjugation of -paswa
Positive present -napaswa
Subjunctive -paswe
Negative -paswi
Imperative singular paswa
Infinitives
Positive kupaswa
Negative kutopaswa
Imperatives
Singular paswa
Plural pasweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupaswa
Positive past positive subject concord + -lipaswa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kupaswa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napaswa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninapaswa/napaswa tunapaswa
2nd person unapaswa mnapaswa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapaswa wanapaswa
other classes positive subject concord + -napaswa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -paswi)
Singular Plural
1st person sipaswi hatupaswi
2nd person hupaswi hampaswi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapaswi hawapaswi
other classes negative subject concord + -paswi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapaswa
Negative future negative subject concord + -tapaswa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -paswe)
Singular Plural
1st person nipaswe tupaswe
2nd person upaswe mpaswe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apaswe wapaswe
other classes positive subject concord + -paswe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipaswe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepaswa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepaswa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipaswa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipaswa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apaswa)
Singular Plural
1st person napaswa twapaswa
2nd person wapaswa mwapaswa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apaswa wapaswa
m-mi(III/IV) wapaswa yapaswa
ji-ma(V/VI) lapaswa yapaswa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapaswa vyapaswa
n(IX/X) yapaswa zapaswa
u(XI) wapaswa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwapaswa
pa(XVI) papaswa
mu(XVIII) mwapaswa
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepaswa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshapaswa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -japaswa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kipaswa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipopaswa
Consecutive kapaswa / positive subject concord + -kapaswa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapaswe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nipaswa -tupaswa
2nd person -kupaswa -wapaswa/-kupasweni/-wapasweni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpaswa -wapaswa
m-mi(III/IV) -upaswa -ipaswa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lipaswa -yapaswa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipaswa -vipaswa
n(IX/X) -ipaswa -zipaswa
u(XI) -upaswa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kupaswa
pa(XVI) -papaswa
mu(XVIII) -mupaswa
Reflexive -jipaswa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -paswa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -paswaye -paswao
m-mi(III/IV) -paswao -paswayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -paswalo -paswayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -paswacho -paswavyo
n(IX/X) -paswayo -paswazo
u(XI) -paswao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -paswako
pa(XVI) -paswapo
mu(XVIII) -paswamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -paswa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yepaswa -opaswa
m-mi(III/IV) -opaswa -yopaswa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lopaswa -yopaswa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopaswa -vyopaswa
n(IX/X) -yopaswa -zopaswa
u(XI) -opaswa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kopaswa
pa(XVI) -popaswa
mu(XVIII) -mopaswa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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