saumu

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Swahili

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Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm).

Noun

saumu class IX (plural saumu class X)

  1. fast (abstention from food, and sometimes other comforts)

Verb

-saumu (infinitive kusaumu)

  1. to fast (abstain from food, and sometimes other comforts)
Conjugation
Conjugation of -saumu
Positive present -nasaumu
Subjunctive -saumu
Negative -saumu
Imperative singular saumu
Infinitives
Positive kusaumu
Negative kutosaumu
Imperatives
Singular saumu
Plural saumuni
Tensed forms
Habitual husaumu
Positive past positive subject concord + -lisaumu
Negative past negative subject concord + -kusaumu
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nasaumu)
Singular Plural
1st person ninasaumu/nasaumu tunasaumu
2nd person unasaumu mnasaumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anasaumu wanasaumu
other classes positive subject concord + -nasaumu
Negative present (negative subject concord + -saumu)
Singular Plural
1st person sisaumu hatusaumu
2nd person husaumu hamsaumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hasaumu hawasaumu
other classes negative subject concord + -saumu
Positive future positive subject concord + -tasaumu
Negative future negative subject concord + -tasaumu
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -saumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nisaumu tusaumu
2nd person usaumu msaumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) asaumu wasaumu
other classes positive subject concord + -saumu
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sisaumu
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngesaumu
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singesaumu
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalisaumu
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalisaumu
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -asaumu)
Singular Plural
1st person nasaumu twasaumu
2nd person wasaumu mwasaumu
3rd person m-wa(I/II) asaumu wasaumu
m-mi(III/IV) wasaumu yasaumu
ji-ma(V/VI) lasaumu yasaumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chasaumu vyasaumu
n(IX/X) yasaumu zasaumu
u(XI) wasaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwasaumu
pa(XVI) pasaumu
mu(XVIII) mwasaumu
Perfect positive subject concord + -mesaumu
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshasaumu
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jasaumu
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kisaumu
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposaumu
Consecutive kasaumu / positive subject concord + -kasaumu
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kasaumu
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nisaumu -tusaumu
2nd person -kusaumu -wasaumu/-kusaumuni/-wasaumuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -msaumu -wasaumu
m-mi(III/IV) -usaumu -isaumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -lisaumu -yasaumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kisaumu -visaumu
n(IX/X) -isaumu -zisaumu
u(XI) -usaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kusaumu
pa(XVI) -pasaumu
mu(XVIII) -musaumu
Reflexive -jisaumu
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -saumu- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -saumuye -saumuo
m-mi(III/IV) -saumuo -saumuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -saumulo -saumuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -saumucho -saumuvyo
n(IX/X) -saumuyo -saumuzo
u(XI) -saumuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -saumuko
pa(XVI) -saumupo
mu(XVIII) -saumumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -saumu)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yesaumu -osaumu
m-mi(III/IV) -osaumu -yosaumu
ji-ma(V/VI) -losaumu -yosaumu
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chosaumu -vyosaumu
n(IX/X) -yosaumu -zosaumu
u(XI) -osaumu see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kosaumu
pa(XVI) -posaumu
mu(XVIII) -mosaumu
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Etymology 2

See kitunguu saumu.

Noun

saumu class IX (plural saumu class X)

  1. Only used in kitunguu saumu (“garlic”)
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