thusa

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See also: thûsa

Irish

Etymology

By surface analysis, thú +‎ -sa.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

thusa

  1. emphatic form of thú
    you (singular), thou, thee

Related terms

See also

Irish personal pronouns
Number Person (and gender) Conjunctive
(emphatic) 		Disjunctive
(emphatic) 		Possessive
determiner
Singular First mé
(mise) 		mo L
m' before vowel sounds
Second tú
(tusa)1 		thú
(thusa) 		do L
d' before vowel sounds
Third masculine sé
(seisean) 		é
(eisean) 		a L
Third feminine sí
(sise) 		í
(ise) 		a H
Third neuter — ea —
Plural First muid, sinn
(muidne, muide), (sinne) 		ár E
Second sibh
(sibhse)1 		bhur E
Third siad
(siadsan) 		iad
(iadsan) 		a E

L Triggers lenition E Triggers eclipsis H Triggers h-prothesis

1 Also used as the vocative

The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.

References

  1. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 41

Further reading

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit तुष (tuṣa).

Noun

thusa m

  1. chaff
  2. husk of grain
    • c. 500 BC, Digha Nikaya: Pathika-vagga, published c. 50 BC, အဂ္ဂည မေထုနဓမ္မသမာစာရ [aggañña methunadhammasamācāra]; republished as ဆဋ္ဌသင်္ဂီတိပိဋကံ သုတ္တန္တပိဋကေ ဒီဃနိကာယေ ပါထိကဝဂ္ဂပါဠိ [chaṭṭhasaṅgītipiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭake dīghanikāye pāthikavaggapāḷi, Sixth Council Tipitaka: Sutta Pitaka: Digha Nikaya: Pathika-vagga-->]‎, 2010 AD, page 75 (၇၅):
      အထ ကဏောပိ တဏ္ဍုလံ ပရိယောနန္ဓိ၊ ထုသောပိ တဏ္ဍုလံ ပရိယောနန္ဓိ၊ လူနမ္ပိ နပ္ပဋိဝိရူဠ္ဟံ၊ အပဒါနံ ပညာယိတ္ထ၊ သဏ္ဍသဏ္ဍာ သာလယော အဋ္ဌံသု။
      atha kaṇopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi. thusopi taṇḍulaṃ pariyonandhi. lūnampi nappaṭivirūḷhaṃ. apadānaṃ paññāyittha. saṇḍasaṇḍā sālayo aṭṭhaṃsu.
      The rice grains became wrapped in powder and husk, it didn’t grow back after reaping, leaving a trace showing, and the rice stood in clumps.
      (Translation by Ajahn Sujato)

Declension

Declension table of "thusa" (masculine)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)thusothusā
Accusative (second)thusaṃthuse
Instrumental (third)thusenathusehi or thusebhi
Dative (fourth)thusassa or thusāya or thusatthaṃthusānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)thusasmā or thusamhā or thusāthusehi or thusebhi
Genitive (sixth)thusassathusānaṃ
Locative (seventh)thusasmiṃ or thusamhi or thusethusesu
Vocative (calling)thusathusā

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Childers, Robert Caesar, Dictionary of the Päli language, London: Trübner & Company, 1875, page 505.

Further reading

  • Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “thusa”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

By surface analysis, thu +‎ -sa. From Old Irish tussu. Cognates include Irish tusa and Manx tuss.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

thusa (unlenited tusa)

  1. (emphatic) thou, you (singular)

See also

Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns
simple emphatic
singular plural singular plural
First person mi sinn mise sinne
Second person thu, tu1) sibh thusa, tusa1) sibhse
Third person m e iad esan iadsan
Third person f i ise
*) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns.
**) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used.
1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh.

Sotho

Verb

thusa

  1. to help

Descendants

  • → Phuthi: -thûsa

Southern Ndebele

Verb

-thúsa

  1. to frighten, to scare

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-thúsa

  1. (transitive) to frighten

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Verb

-thúsa

  1. (intransitive) to startle, to surprise
  2. (intransitive) to frighten, to scare, to shock

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive ukuthusa
Positive Negative
Infinitive ukuthusa ukungathusi
Imperative
Simple + object concord
Singular thusa -thuse
Plural thusani -thuseni
Present
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyathusa, ngithusa engithusayo, engithusa ngithusa angithusi engingathusi ngingathusi
2nd singular uyathusa, uthusa othusayo, othusa uthusa awuthusi ongathusi ungathusi
1st plural siyathusa, sithusa esithusayo, esithusa sithusa asithusi esingathusi singathusi
2nd plural niyathusa, nithusa enithusayo, enithusa nithusa anithusi eningathusi ningathusi
Class 1 uyathusa, uthusa othusayo, othusa ethusa akathusi ongathusi engathusi
Class 2 bayathusa, bathusa abathusayo, abathusa bethusa abathusi abangathusi bengathusi
Class 3 uyathusa, uthusa othusayo, othusa uthusa awuthusi ongathusi ungathusi
Class 4 iyathusa, ithusa ethusayo, ethusa ithusa ayithusi engathusi ingathusi
Class 5 liyathusa, lithusa elithusayo, elithusa lithusa alithusi elingathusi lingathusi
Class 6 ayathusa, athusa athusayo, athusa ethusa awathusi angathusi engathusi
Class 7 siyathusa, sithusa esithusayo, esithusa sithusa asithusi esingathusi singathusi
Class 8 ziyathusa, zithusa ezithusayo, ezithusa zithusa azithusi ezingathusi zingathusi
Class 9 iyathusa, ithusa ethusayo, ethusa ithusa ayithusi engathusi ingathusi
Class 10 ziyathusa, zithusa ezithusayo, ezithusa zithusa azithusi ezingathusi zingathusi
Class 11 luyathusa, luthusa oluthusayo, oluthusa luthusa aluthusi olungathusi lungathusi
Class 14 buyathusa, buthusa obuthusayo, obuthusa buthusa abuthusi obungathusi bungathusi
Class 15 kuyathusa, kuthusa okuthusayo, okuthusa kuthusa akuthusi okungathusi kungathusi
Class 17 kuyathusa, kuthusa okuthusayo, okuthusa kuthusa akuthusi okungathusi kungathusi
Recent past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngithusile, ngithusē engithusile, engithusē ngithusile, ngithusē angithusanga engingathusanga ngingathusanga
2nd singular uthusile, uthusē othusile, othusē uthusile, uthusē awuthusanga ongathusanga ungathusanga
1st plural sithusile, sithusē esithusile, esithusē sithusile, sithusē asithusanga esingathusanga singathusanga
2nd plural nithusile, nithusē enithusile, enithusē nithusile, nithusē anithusanga eningathusanga ningathusanga
Class 1 uthusile, uthusē othusile, othusē ethusile, ethusē akathusanga ongathusanga engathusanga
Class 2 bathusile, bathusē abathusile, abathusē bethusile, bethusē abathusanga abangathusanga bengathusanga
Class 3 uthusile, uthusē othusile, othusē uthusile, uthusē awuthusanga ongathusanga ungathusanga
Class 4 ithusile, ithusē ethusile, ethusē ithusile, ithusē ayithusanga engathusanga ingathusanga
Class 5 lithusile, lithusē elithusile, elithusē lithusile, lithusē alithusanga elingathusanga lingathusanga
Class 6 athusile, athusē athusile, athusē ethusile, ethusē awathusanga angathusanga engathusanga
Class 7 sithusile, sithusē esithusile, esithusē sithusile, sithusē asithusanga esingathusanga singathusanga
Class 8 zithusile, zithusē ezithusile, ezithusē zithusile, zithusē azithusanga ezingathusanga zingathusanga
Class 9 ithusile, ithusē ethusile, ethusē ithusile, ithusē ayithusanga engathusanga ingathusanga
Class 10 zithusile, zithusē ezithusile, ezithusē zithusile, zithusē azithusanga ezingathusanga zingathusanga
Class 11 luthusile, luthusē oluthusile, oluthusē luthusile, luthusē aluthusanga olungathusanga lungathusanga
Class 14 buthusile, buthusē obuthusile, obuthusē buthusile, buthusē abuthusanga obungathusanga bungathusanga
Class 15 kuthusile, kuthusē okuthusile, okuthusē kuthusile, kuthusē akuthusanga okungathusanga kungathusanga
Class 17 kuthusile, kuthusē okuthusile, okuthusē kuthusile, kuthusē akuthusanga okungathusanga kungathusanga
Remote past
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngāthusa engāthusa ngāthusa angithusanga engingathusanga ngingathusanga
2nd singular wāthusa owāthusa wāthusa awuthusanga ongathusanga ungathusanga
1st plural sāthusa esāthusa sāthusa asithusanga esingathusanga singathusanga
2nd plural nāthusa enāthusa nāthusa anithusanga eningathusanga ningathusanga
Class 1 wāthusa owāthusa āthusa akathusanga ongathusanga engathusanga
Class 2 bāthusa abāthusa bāthusa abathusanga abangathusanga bengathusanga
Class 3 wāthusa owāthusa wāthusa awuthusanga ongathusanga ungathusanga
Class 4 yāthusa eyāthusa yāthusa ayithusanga engathusanga ingathusanga
Class 5 lāthusa elāthusa lāthusa alithusanga elingathusanga lingathusanga
Class 6 āthusa āthusa āthusa awathusanga angathusanga engathusanga
Class 7 sāthusa esāthusa sāthusa asithusanga esingathusanga singathusanga
Class 8 zāthusa ezāthusa zāthusa azithusanga ezingathusanga zingathusanga
Class 9 yāthusa eyāthusa yāthusa ayithusanga engathusanga ingathusanga
Class 10 zāthusa ezāthusa zāthusa azithusanga ezingathusanga zingathusanga
Class 11 lwāthusa olwāthusa lwāthusa aluthusanga olungathusanga lungathusanga
Class 14 bāthusa obāthusa bāthusa abuthusanga obungathusanga bungathusanga
Class 15 kwāthusa okwāthusa kwāthusa akuthusanga okungathusanga kungathusanga
Class 17 kwāthusa okwāthusa kwāthusa akuthusanga okungathusanga kungathusanga
Potential
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngingathusa — ngingathusa ngingethuse — ngingethuse
2nd singular ungathusa — ungathusa ungethuse — ungethuse
1st plural singathusa — singathusa singethuse — singethuse
2nd plural ningathusa — ningathusa ningethuse — ningethuse
Class 1 angathusa — engathusa angethuse — engethuse
Class 2 bangathusa — bengathusa bangethuse — bengethuse
Class 3 ungathusa — ungathusa ungethuse — ungethuse
Class 4 ingathusa — ingathusa ingethuse — ingethuse
Class 5 lingathusa — lingathusa lingethuse — lingethuse
Class 6 angathusa — engathusa angethuse — engethuse
Class 7 singathusa — singathusa singethuse — singethuse
Class 8 zingathusa — zingathusa zingethuse — zingethuse
Class 9 ingathusa — ingathusa ingethuse — ingethuse
Class 10 zingathusa — zingathusa zingethuse — zingethuse
Class 11 lungathusa — lungathusa lungethuse — lungethuse
Class 14 bungathusa — bungathusa bungethuse — bungethuse
Class 15 kungathusa — kungathusa kungethuse — kungethuse
Class 17 kungathusa — kungathusa kungethuse — kungethuse
Immediate future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngizothusa engizothusa ngizothusa angizuthusa engingezuthusa ngingezuthusa
2nd singular uzothusa ozothusa uzothusa awuzuthusa ongezuthusa ungezuthusa
1st plural sizothusa esizothusa sizothusa asizuthusa esingezuthusa singezuthusa
2nd plural nizothusa enizothusa nizothusa anizuthusa eningezuthusa ningezuthusa
Class 1 uzothusa ozothusa ezothusa akazuthusa ongezuthusa engezuthusa
Class 2 bazothusa abazothusa bezothusa abazuthusa abangezuthusa bengezuthusa
Class 3 uzothusa ozothusa uzothusa awuzuthusa ongezuthusa ungezuthusa
Class 4 izothusa ezothusa izothusa ayizuthusa engezuthusa ingezuthusa
Class 5 lizothusa elizothusa lizothusa alizuthusa elingezuthusa lingezuthusa
Class 6 azothusa azothusa ezothusa awazuthusa angezuthusa engezuthusa
Class 7 sizothusa esizothusa sizothusa asizuthusa esingezuthusa singezuthusa
Class 8 zizothusa ezizothusa zizothusa azizuthusa ezingezuthusa zingezuthusa
Class 9 izothusa ezothusa izothusa ayizuthusa engezuthusa ingezuthusa
Class 10 zizothusa ezizothusa zizothusa azizuthusa ezingezuthusa zingezuthusa
Class 11 luzothusa oluzothusa luzothusa aluzuthusa olungezuthusa lungezuthusa
Class 14 buzothusa obuzothusa buzothusa abuzuthusa obungezuthusa bungezuthusa
Class 15 kuzothusa okuzothusa kuzothusa akuzuthusa okungezuthusa kungezuthusa
Class 17 kuzothusa okuzothusa kuzothusa akuzuthusa okungezuthusa kungezuthusa
Remote future
Positive absolute Positive relative Positive participial Negative absolute Negative relative Negative participial
1st singular ngiyothusa engiyothusa ngiyothusa angiyuthusa engingeyuthusa ngingeyuthusa
2nd singular uyothusa oyothusa uyothusa awuyuthusa ongeyuthusa ungeyuthusa
1st plural siyothusa esiyothusa siyothusa asiyuthusa esingeyuthusa singeyuthusa
2nd plural niyothusa eniyothusa niyothusa aniyuthusa eningeyuthusa ningeyuthusa
Class 1 uyothusa oyothusa eyothusa akayuthusa ongeyuthusa engeyuthusa
Class 2 bayothusa abayothusa beyothusa abayuthusa abangeyuthusa bengeyuthusa
Class 3 uyothusa oyothusa uyothusa awuyuthusa ongeyuthusa ungeyuthusa
Class 4 iyothusa eyothusa iyothusa ayiyuthusa engeyuthusa ingeyuthusa
Class 5 liyothusa eliyothusa liyothusa aliyuthusa elingeyuthusa lingeyuthusa
Class 6 ayothusa ayothusa eyothusa awayuthusa angeyuthusa engeyuthusa
Class 7 siyothusa esiyothusa siyothusa asiyuthusa esingeyuthusa singeyuthusa
Class 8 ziyothusa eziyothusa ziyothusa aziyuthusa ezingeyuthusa zingeyuthusa
Class 9 iyothusa eyothusa iyothusa ayiyuthusa engeyuthusa ingeyuthusa
Class 10 ziyothusa eziyothusa ziyothusa aziyuthusa ezingeyuthusa zingeyuthusa
Class 11 luyothusa oluyothusa luyothusa aluyuthusa olungeyuthusa lungeyuthusa
Class 14 buyothusa obuyothusa buyothusa abuyuthusa obungeyuthusa bungeyuthusa
Class 15 kuyothusa okuyothusa kuyothusa akuyuthusa okungeyuthusa kungeyuthusa
Class 17 kuyothusa okuyothusa kuyothusa akuyuthusa okungeyuthusa kungeyuthusa
Present subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngithuse ngingathusi
2nd singular uthuse ungathusi
1st plural sithuse singathusi
2nd plural nithuse ningathusi
Class 1 athuse angathusi
Class 2 bathuse bangathusi
Class 3 uthuse ungathusi
Class 4 ithuse ingathusi
Class 5 lithuse lingathusi
Class 6 athuse angathusi
Class 7 sithuse singathusi
Class 8 zithuse zingathusi
Class 9 ithuse ingathusi
Class 10 zithuse zingathusi
Class 11 luthuse lungathusi
Class 14 buthuse bungathusi
Class 15 kuthuse kungathusi
Class 17 kuthuse kungathusi
Past subjunctive
Positive Negative
1st singular ngathusa ngangathusa, angathusa, angangathusa
2nd singular wathusa wangathusa, awathusa, awangathusa
1st plural sathusa sangathusa, asathusa, asangathusa
2nd plural nathusa nangathusa, anathusa, anangathusa
Class 1 wathusa wangathusa, akathusa, akangathusa
Class 2 bathusa bangathusa, abathusa, abangathusa
Class 3 wathusa wangathusa, awathusa, awangathusa
Class 4 yathusa yangathusa, ayathusa, ayangathusa
Class 5 lathusa langathusa, alathusa, alangathusa
Class 6 athusa angathusa, awathusa, awangathusa
Class 7 sathusa sangathusa, asathusa, asangathusa
Class 8 zathusa zangathusa, azathusa, azangathusa
Class 9 yathusa yangathusa, ayathusa, ayangathusa
Class 10 zathusa zangathusa, azathusa, azangathusa
Class 11 lwathusa lwangathusa, alwathusa, alwangathusa
Class 14 bathusa bangathusa, abathusa, abangathusa
Class 15 kwathusa kwangathusa, akwathusa, akwangathusa
Class 17 kwathusa kwangathusa, akwathusa, akwangathusa

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia