ترس

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See also: ترش, پرش, پرس, برش, and برس

Arabic

تُرْس

Etymology 1

From Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós), ultimately the same source as etymology 2.

Noun

تُرْس (tursm (plural تُرُوس (turūs) or أَتْراس (ʔatrās))

  1. shield, scutum
    Synonyms: (dated) دَرَقَة (daraqa), (modern, proscribed) دِرْع (dirʕ)
  2. turbot, Scophthalmus maximus
Declension
Descendants
  • Ottoman Turkish: ترس (türs, shield)
  • Persian: ترس (tors, shield)

Verb

تَرَّسَ (tarrasa) II (non-past يُتَرِّسُ (yutarrisu), verbal noun تَتْرِيس (tatrīs))

  1. to shield, to defend with a shield
  2. to arm with a shield
Conjugation
تِرْس

Etymology 2

Ancient Greek θαιρός (thairós, a pivot of a door or gate; mechanism to open a door), from Ancient Greek θῠ́ρᾱ (thúrā, door, entrance), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-.

Noun

تِرْس (tirsm (plural تُرُوس (turūs))

  1. gear, sprocket, cogwheel
Declension

References

  • Freytag, Georg (1833) “ترس”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 24
  • Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ترس”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 138

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Cognate to Azerbaijani tərs, which see for more.

Noun

ترس (ters)

  1. reverse side, flip side, opposite end
  2. dung, excrement
    Synonyms: گوبره (göbre, gübre), تزك (tezek), فشقی (fışkı)

Adjective

ترس (ters)

  1. reverse, opposite, contrary, converse, inverse
    Synonym: وارون (varun)

Descendants

  • Armenian: թարս (tʻars)
  • Turkish: ters
  • North Levantine Arabic: ترس (tars, the reverse, in a countrary manner)
  • Northern Kurdish: ters (bent, crooked, skewed)

Etymology 2

From Northern Kurdish teres (coward), possibly from Persian ترسا (tarsâ, Christian).

Noun

ترس (teres)

  1. cuckold, wittol
    Synonyms: قودوش (kodoş), بوینوزلو (boynuzlu), دیوث (deyyus), كراتا (kerata)
  2. pimp, pander
    Synonyms: پزونك (pezevenk), قودوش (kodoş)
Descendants

Etymology 3

ترس

From Arabic تُرْس (turs), from Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós).

Noun

ترس (türs) (plural اتراس (etras), plural تروس (türüs))

  1. buckler, shield
    Synonyms: درقه (daraka), سپر (siper), قلقان (kalkan)

Etymology 4

From Persian ترس (tars).

Noun

ترس (ters)

  1. fright, terror

References

  • Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “ترس”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1149
  • Zenker, Julius Theodor (1866) “ترس”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 1 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 278

Persian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *trāsás, from Proto-Indo-European *tros-ó-s (fear, dread), from *tres- (to tremble (with fear)). Compare Sanskrit त्रास (trāsa).

Pronunciation

Readings
Classical reading? tars
Dari reading? tars
Iranian reading? tars
Tajik reading? tars
  • Audio (Iran):(file)

Noun

ترس (tars)

  1. fear
  2. terror
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic تُرْس (turs, shield), from Ancient Greek θυρεός (thureós).

Noun

ترس (tors)

  1. shield, buckler

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic تُرْس (turs).

Noun

ترس (tirsm (plural تروس (trūs))

  1. shield

Southwestern Fars

Noun

ترس (ters)

  1. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) fear
  2. (Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) terror

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit , from the root तृष् (tṛṣ), ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ters-.

Pronunciation

Noun

تَرَس (tarasm (Hindi spelling तरस)

  1. pity, mercy
    تجھ پہ ترس آتا ہے۔
    tujh pih taras ātā hai.
    I feel sorry for you.
  2. longing, yearning

Declension

    Declension of ترس
singular plural
direct ترس (taras) ترس (taras)
oblique ترس (taras) ترسوں (tarasõ)
vocative ترس (taras) ترسو (taraso)

Derived terms

References

  • ترس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • ترس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.