犛

犛 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 十大一竹手 (JKMHQ), four-corner 5825₁, composition ⿸𠩺牛)

1. a black ox, a yak
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №20

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 704, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20154
• Dae Jaweon: page 1116, character 38
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1818, character 5
• Unihan data for U+729B

Earliest extant attestation is in Discourses of the States:

• 不然，巴浦之犀、犛、兕、象，其可盡乎，其又以規為瑱也？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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  不然，巴浦之犀、牦、兕、象，其可尽乎，其又以规为瑱也？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE

  Bùrán, Bā Pǔ zhī xī, máo/lí, sì, xiàng, qí kě jìn hū, qí yòu yǐ guī wéi tiàn yě?

  ‘Otherwise, it is because rhinoceros, yaks, wild bovids and elephants in Ba and Pu have become extinct, and for this reason you use my recommendations as earplugs (which are made from the bones of these exotic animals)?’

According to Schuessler (2007), 犛 (OC *rə) > lí is either related to or borrowed from Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “female yak”).

Jacques, d'Alpoim Guedes and Zhang (2021) propose 犛 (OC *mrˁu) > máo could reflect a borrowing from Rgyalrongic language after loss of final *-ŋ, thus making it cognate to Rgyalrongic terms for "male yak" like Tshobdun qɐⁿbrúʔ, Zbu qɐⁿbrúʔ, Situ kəmbrû, Japhug qambrɯ, and Khroskyabs (ʁbrô); as well as Tibetan འབྲོང ('brong, “wild yak”) and Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “gaur”), etc. all from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brawŋ (“wild yak, buffalo”) (STEDT).

犛

1. yak

   • 獸則𤛑旄貘犛，沈牛麈麋，赤首圜題，窮奇象犀。 [MSC, trad.]
     兽则𤛑旄貘牦，沈牛麈麋，赤首圜题，穷奇象犀。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 司馬相如 (Sima Xiangru) 《上林賦》 "Rhapsody on the Imperial Park", in 《史記》 Records of the Grand Historian. Translated based on Knechtges's (2008) version

     Shòu zé yóng máo mò máo/lí, shěnniú zhǔmí, chìshǒu yuántí, qióngqí xiàng xī.

     Its animals are: The zebus, hairy yaks, pandas, grunting yaks, plunging bulls, elaphures; red-headed, round-hoofed; extreme extraordinaire, elephants, and rhinoceroses.

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02504
• “犛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(Hyōgai kanji)

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• Go-on: らい (rai)、り (ri)
• Kan-on: り (ri)、れい (rei)
• Kun: からうし (karaushi)

犛: Hán Nôm readings: li, mao

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