독

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독 U+B3C5, 독
HANGUL SYLLABLE DOG
Composition:ㄷ + ㅗ + ㄱ
← 도
 		Hangul Syllables 돆 →
도독돆돇돈돉돊
돋돌돍돎돏돐돑
돒돓돔돕돖돗돘
동돚돛돜돝돞돟
뎨 ←→ 돠

Korean

Etymology 1

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 독 (Yale: twòk).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?dok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?dog
McCune–Reischauer?tok
Yale Romanization?tok
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 독의 / 독에 / 독까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word takes low pitch only before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes.

Noun

독 • (dok)

  1. jar, pot (made of clay)
    독 안에 든 쥐 ― dok an-e deun jwi ― being in a helpless situation (literally, “a rat in a jar”)
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 毒. From Middle Korean 독〮 (Yale: twók).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?dok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?dog
McCune–Reischauer?tok
Yale Romanization?tok
  • South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 독의 / 독에 / 독까지

    Syllables in red take high pitch. This word always takes high pitch and also heightens the next suffixed syllable, unless it is 에.

Noun

독 • (dok) (hanja 毒)

  1. poison; venom
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 獨.

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?dok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?dog
McCune–Reischauer?tok
Yale Romanization?tok

Proper noun

독 • (Dok) (hanja 獨)

  1. short for 독일(獨逸) (Dogil, “Germany”)
Usage notes
  • In news headlines, this is usually written solely in the hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any hanja.

Prefix

독— • (dok-) (hanja 獨)

  1. by/for a single person
    ‎독(獨) (dok) + ‎무대(舞臺) (mudae, “stage”) → ‎독무대(獨舞臺) (dongmudae, “having the stage to oneself”)

Derived terms

Etymology 4

Borrowed from English dock.

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?dok
Revised Romanization (translit.)?dog
McCune–Reischauer?tok
Yale Romanization?tok

Noun

독 • (dok)

  1. dock (for repairing and building ships)
    Synonym: 선거(船渠) (seon'geo)

Etymology 5

Noun

독 • (dok)

  1. Gyeongsang, Seoul, Jeolla dialect, and Chungcheong form of 돌 (dol, “rock”)
    • 1982 October 26, 송도헌 , “명당의 천리도 모르는 도선 ”, in 한국구비문학대계 ‎, 충청북도 영동군 황금면 :
      널 위에다가 갖다가 독을 고이고 널을 갖다가 놓고...
      Neol wi-e-daga gatdaga dog-eul goigo neor-eul gatdaga noko...
      So use the rock to prop up the plank then put the plank there...

Etymology 6

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

독 • (dok)

More information
  1. 匵:
    (MC reading: 匵 (MC duwk))
  2. 櫝:
    (MC reading: 櫝 (MC duwk))
  3. 毒: poison
    (eumhun reading: 독 독 (dok dok))
    (MC reading: 毒 (MC dowk))
  4. 涜:
    (MC reading: 涜)
  5. 瀆:
    (MC reading: 瀆 (MC duwk))
  6. 犢:
    (MC reading: 犢 (MC duwk))
  7. 独:
    (MC reading: 独)
  8. 獨: alone
    (eumhun reading: 홀로 독 (hollo dok))
    (MC reading: 獨 (MC duwk))
  9. 督: supervise, direct
    (eumhun reading: 살필 독 (salpil dok))
    (MC reading: 督 (MC towk))
  10. 禿:
    (MC reading: 禿 (MC thuwk))
  11. 秃:
    (MC reading: 秃)
  12. 竺:
    (MC reading: 竺 (MC tuwk|trjuwk|towk))
  13. 篤: deep, true, sincere, genuine
    (eumhun reading: 도타울 독 (dotaul dok))
    (MC reading: 篤 (MC towk))
  14. 読:
    (MC reading: 読)
  15. 讀: to read
    (eumhun reading: 읽다 독 (ikda dok))
    (MC reading: 讀 (MC duwk))
  16. 黷:
    (MC reading: 黷 (MC duwk))

Middle Korean

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

독 (twòk) (locative 도ᄀᆡ〮 (twòk-óy))

  1. jar; pot
Descendants
  • Korean: 독 (dok)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 毒 (MC dowk).

Pronunciation

Noun

독〮 (twók) (hanja 毒)

  1. poison; venom
    • 1489, 救急簡易方諺解 / 구급간이방언해 , pages 6:39a–b:
      미친〮 가히〮 믈인〮 독〮이〮 다시〮 나거든〮 ᄆᆞᄅᆞᆫ ᄉᆡᇰ아ᇰ을〮 ᄀᆞ〮라 므〮레 프〮러 두〯 돈〯을〮 머그〮면 됴〯ᄒᆞ리〮라
      mìchín kàhí mùlGín twók-í tàsí nàkètún mòlòn sòyngàng-úl kólà múl-èy púlè twǔ twǒn-úl mèkúmyèn tyǒhòlílà
      Having been bitten by a rabid dog, should the poison recur, take two dons of ground dry ginger dissolved in water, and will get better.
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