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Vietnamese
Pronunciation
Pronoun
đấy • (帝, 𦷾)
- there, that place, that
- Synonym: đó
Usage notes
- In the Southern dialects, đó is usually preferred.
- The demonstrative pronoun đấy ("there, that") denotes a place, person or thing far from the speaker, but close to whom the speaker is talking to. When denoting a place, đấy refers to either a location or a movement to the location.
- Họ đang tập bóng chuyền ở đấy. ― They are practicing volleyball there. (location)
- Đừng đi đến đấy vào ban đêm. Nguy hiểm lắm. ― Do not go there at night. It is very unsafe. (movement to the location)
- The destination for đi in the "đi + preposition + destination" construction can be expressed by đấy ("there") and is treated as a noun.
- Đấy là bạn tôi. ― That is my friend.
- Indefinite pronouns and adverbs are formed by placing a question word before the demonstrative đấy: ai đấy ("someone"), cái gì đấy ("something"), ở đâu đấy ("somewhere"), khi nào đấy ("sometime"), nơi nào đấy ("somewhere, someplace, in some place"), người nào đấy ("someone").
- Đấy and đâu are also adverbs of place and can be semantically paired to form a similarity clause.
- Chị đi đâu, tôi đi đến đấy với chị. ― Wherever you go, I will come with you.
- Đấy is used after a preposition to refer to an action or event that has just been mentioned.
- In recent years, the demonstrative pronoun đấy is used in the Hanoi dialect with the function of the demonstrative adjective ấy, for instance: kĩ sư đấy, cái áo đấy, bộ phim đấy.
See also
Vietnamese demonstratives
|
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar
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|
Unspecified |
Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified
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PLACE đ- (first register)
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đâu ‘wherever’
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đây ‘here’
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đấy ‘there’
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REFERENCE n- (second register)
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nào ‘whichever’
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này ‘this’
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nọ ‘that’
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PROPORTION b- (first register)
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bao ‘to whatever extent’
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bây ‘to this extent’
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bấy ‘to that extent’
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MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register)
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sao ‘however’
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vầy ‘this way’
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vậy ‘that way’
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Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited”
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D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal)
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+NOM(inal)
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đâu place-what
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đây place-this
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đấy place-that1
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±NOM(inal)
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|
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đó (place-)that1
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kia (place-)that2
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–NOM(inal)
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nào what
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nầy this
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nấy/ấy that1
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nọ that2
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Vietnamese demonstratives (alternative version)
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Proximal (*-iː)
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Distal 1 (*-iːʔ)
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Distal 2 (*-əːʔ)
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Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ)
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Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel)
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Place, attributive1 n-
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ni nì này
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nấy
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nớ
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nọ
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nào
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Place, nominal2 đ-
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đây
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đí đấy
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—
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đó
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đâu
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Manner r-
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ri rày
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—
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rứa
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—
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ru sao3
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Extent 14 b-
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bây
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bấy
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—
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—
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bao
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Extent 25 v-
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vầy
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vậy
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—
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—
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—
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1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”).
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Particle
đấy
- (Northern Vietnam) sentence-final particle used in questions for asking in a more polite way
Anh đang chờ ai đấy?- Who are you waiting for?
- (Northern Vietnam) sentence-final particle in statements to express affirmation
Usage notes
- When used in questions, đấy can be replaced by thế. In the Southern dialects, đó is used instead of đấy and vậy instead of thế.
- When expressing affirmation, the meaning of đấy is similar to the English "actually" or "in fact". In the Southern dialects, đó is used instead of đấy.