عرق

Arabic

Etymology 1

Cognate with Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿäräḳä, “to be naked, to be orphaned, to be childless, to be bereft”).

Verb

عَرَقَ • (ʕaraqa) I, non-past يَعْرُقُ‎ (yaʕruqu)

1. to strip of flesh, to nibble

Conjugation

Verb

عُرِقَ • (ʕuriqa) I, non-past يُعْرَقُ‎ (yuʕraqu)

1. to be emaciated

Conjugation

Verb

عَرِقَ • (ʕariqa) I, non-past يَعْرَقُ‎ (yaʕraqu)

1. to sweat, to perspire

Conjugation

Etymology 2

Cognate to Ge'ez ዐረቀ (ʿärräḳä, “to strip naked”).

Verb

عَرَّقَ • (ʕarraqa) II, non-past يُعَرِّقُ‎ (yuʕarriqu)

1. to make sweat, to promote perspiration
2. to water down, to dilute (a drink)
3. to grow roots; to take root
4. to be deeply rooted
5. to vein, to marble

Conjugation

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.raq/

Noun

عَرَق • (ʕaraq) m

1. verbal noun of عَرِقَ (ʕariqa) (form I)
2. sweat, perspiration
3. arrack (a clear raisin liquor that turns cloudy when water is added)

Declension

Descendants

• Maltese: għaraq
• → Amharic: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Azerbaijani: araq
• → Bashkir: араҡы (araqı)
• → Bikol Central: arak
• → Burmese: အရက် (a.rak)
• → Chinese: 阿剌吉 (ālàjí)
• → Daur: argw
• → English: arak, araq, arrack, rack
• → Evenki: аракӣ (arakī)
• → German: Arak
• → Georgian: არაყი (araq̇i)
  • → Bats: არაყ (araq̇)
• → Hebrew: ערק (ʿaráq)
• → Ilocano: arak
• → Italian: arrak
• → Kalmyk: әрк (ärk)
• → Karaim: ракъы (raqı)
• → Kazakh: арақ (araq)
• → Korean: 아락 (arak)
• → Kumyk: гьаракъы (haraqı)
• → Kyrgyz: арак (arak)
• → Limos Kalinga: alak
• → Malay: arak
  • Indonesian: arak
  • → Bikol Central: arak
  • → Chamorro: arak
  • → Ilocano: arak
  • → Limos Kalinga: alak
  • → Tagalog: alak
• → Manchu: ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki)
• → Classical Mongolian: ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ (ariki)
  • Mongolian: архи (arxi)
• → Nanai: араки (araki)
• → Nivkh: арак (arak)
• → Northern Kurdish: ereq
• → Ossetian: арахъ (araq)
• → Ottoman Turkish: راقی (rakı)
  • Turkish: rakı
  • → Albanian: raki
  • → Armenian: ըռախի (əṙaxi), ռախի (ṙaxi)
  • → Bulgarian: раки́я (rakíja)
  • → English: raki
  • → Finnish: raki
  • → French: raki
  • → German: Raki
  • → Greek: ρακή (rakí), ρακί (rakí)
  • → Ladino:

    Hebrew script: ראקי

    Latin script: raki

  • → Macedonian: ракија (rakija)
  • → Romanian: rachiu
  • → Russian: ракы (raky)
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̀кија

    Latin script: ràkija

    → English: rakija

• → Persian: عرق ('araq)
  • → Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
    • Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
  • → Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)
• → Portuguese: áraque
• → Russian: арак (arak)
• → Tagalog: alak
• → Tajik: арақ (araq)
• → Tatar: аракы (araqı)
• → Tibetan: ཨ་རག (a rag)
• → Tigre: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Tigrinya: አረቂ (ʾäräḳi)
• → Turkmen: arak
• → Southern Altai: аракы (arakï)
• → Uyghur: ھاراق (haraq)
• → Uzbek: aroq
• → Yakut: арыгы (arıgı)

Etymology 4

From the root ع ر ق (ʕ-r-q) in the sense of plants “perspiring” roots or roots being naked or stripped from earth when looked upon; or metathesis from the root ع ق ر (ʕ-q-r) related to عَقَار (ʕaqār, “real estate, ground, land”), compare against its Aramaic cognate עִיקָּרָא / ܥܶܩܳܪܳܐ (ʿiqqārā, ʿeqqārā, “root”) and Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩧𐩤 (ʿrq, “collarbone; lowlying land, plain, depression”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕirq/

Noun

عِرْق • (ʕirq) m (plural عُرُوق (ʕurūq) or أَعْراق (ʔaʕrāq))

1. plant stem, leaf stem
2. blood vessel

   Synonym: وِعَاء (wiʕāʔ, “blood tube”)

   Hyponyms: شُرْيَان (šuryān, “artery”), وَرِيد (warīd, “vein”)

   • c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 33, Art. 9, page 673:

     فإذا أَرَدتَ فتح عرق أو وداج فخذ المبضع بين إصبعك الإبهام والسبّابة كأخذك القلم للكتابة به وليكن نصابه في راحتك وتخرج من رأسه خارج طرفي إصبعك المذكورين قدر طول ظفر إبهامك وأقلّ من ذلك إلى قدر نصف ظفر إبهامك ثم أفتح العرق إلى فوق شقّا بليغا برفق وخفّة. وأمّا التوديج يالقضيب وهو معلوم فتركب فيه المبضع وتخرج من طرفه خارج من القضيب قدر طول ظفر إبهامك، ولا تعجل بالضرب بالمبضع حتّى تقف على العرق بعينه وخاصة الوداجين، ولا تودّج حتّى تستوثق من الدابّة بالشكل والزيار ليألُ يضطرب وتختنق الدابّة بالخناق خنقا شديدا ليدرّ العرق. فإنّ ذلك موضوع خبيث وإن جاوزت يدك ربّما أصاب المبضع عرق الماء وهو المريء الدابّة فقتله.

     If you want to open a vein or jugular, take the scalpel between your thumb and index finger, take it like you take the quill for writing with it, so that its grip is in your palm, and you turn away from its head outwith the two tips of your said fingers by a length of the nail of your thumb and less than that by a half of the nail of your thumb, then you open the vein upwards making a sufficient cut with gentleness and levity. And what concerns the cutting the jugular with the known rod, you mount the scalpel in it and you move away from the rod’s tip by the length of the nail of your thumb, but don’t hasten with hitting with the scalpel until you have discerned the vein by its eye, particularly the two jugulars, and don’t do a jugular cut until you have provided for the security of the beast by hopples and a twitch, so you do not agitate or suffocate the beast at its throat by excessive choking, so the vein flows with abundance. This part being particularly perilous, if your hand go to far then the scalpel could hit the water vein , that is the oesophaghus of the beast, and it would kill it.

3. hereditary disposition
4. race, stock, descent
5. (geology) erg

Declension

Descendants

• Gulf Arabic: عرج (ʕirj, “origin, descent”)
• → Azerbaijani: irq
• → Ottoman Turkish: عرق (ʿırk)

  > Turkish: ırk (inherited)

• → Uyghur: ئىرق (irq)
• → Uzbek: irq

References

• Freytag, Georg (1835) “عرق”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 142
• Schwally, Friedrich (1898) “Lexikalische Studien”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 52, pages 140–142

Azerbaijani

Noun

عرق (definite accusative عرقی, plural عرقلار)

1. Arabic spelling of araq (“vodka”)

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕa.raɡ/

Noun

عرق • (ʕarag) m

1. sweat
2. arak

Etymology 2

From Arabic عِرْقْ (ʕirq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕirɡ/,

Noun

عرق • (ʕirg) m (plural عُرُوق (ʕurūg))

1. vein
2. race (descent)

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.riɡ/,

Verb

عِرِق • (ʕirig) I (non-past يِعْرَق (yiʕrag))

1. to sweat

Conjugation

Etymology 4

From Arabic عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕar.raɡ/

Verb

عَرَّق • (ʕarrag) II (non-past يِعَرِّق (yiʕarrig))

1. to sweat
2. to make sweat, to promote perspiration

Conjugation

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕraq/

Verb

عرق • (ʕraq) I (non-past يعرق (yiʕraq)) (intransitive)

1. to sweat

   كنعرق فيساع فهاد الجو.

   kanaʕraq fīsāʕ f-hād el-jaww.

   I sweat quickly in this weather.

Conjugation

1=ع
2=ر
3=ق
4=ʕ
5=r
6=q

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Etymology 2

From Arabic عَرَّقَ (ʕarraqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕar.raq/

Verb

عرق • (ʕarraq) II (non-past يعرق (yʕarraq)) (transitive)

1. to make sweat

Conjugation

Etymology 3

From Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕarq/

Noun

عرق • (ʕarq) m

1. sweat

   غيمرضك العرق فهاد البرد.

   ḡaymarrḍak el-ʕarq f-hād el-bard.

   The sweat will make you sick in this cold weather.

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عِرْق (ʕirq, “root; blood vessel, vein”).

Noun

عرق • (ʿırk) (plural عروق (ʿuruk))

1. (botany) root, the generally underground part of a plant that anchors and supports its body

   Synonym: كوك (kök)

2. (figuratively) root, origin, source, the beginning or starting point of something

   Synonym: كوك (kök)

3. (anatomy) vein, a blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart

   Synonyms: رگ (reg), طمر (damar)

4. (figuratively) temperament, disposition, a person's normal manner of thinking or behaving

   Synonyms: خوی (huy), طبع (tabʼ), طمر (damar), مزاج (mizac)

Derived terms

Descendants

• Turkish: ırk

Further reading

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq, “sweat, perspiration”).

Noun

عرق • (ʿarak)

1. sweat, perspiration, a fluid that exits the body through pores in the skin

   Synonym: تر (ter)

Derived terms

Descendants

• Turkish: arak

Further reading

Persian

Persian Wikipedia has an article on:

عرق

Wikipedia ^fa

Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

Noun

عَرَق • ('araq)

1. sweat, perspiration

   Synonym: خوی (xoy)

2. arak, araq (aniseed-flavoured distilled alcoholic drink)
3. spirit, any type of distilled alcoholic beverage

Derived terms

Descendants

• → Middle Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
  • Armenian: արաղ (araġ)
• → Punjabi: ਅਰਕ (arak)

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عَرِقَ (ʕariqa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕi.riʔ/,

• Audio (al-Lidd)

  (file)

Verb

عرق • (ʕiriʔ) I (present بعرق (biʕraʔ))

1. to sweat

Conjugation

See also

• عرقان (ʕarʔān, “sweating”)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عرق ('araq), from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ə.ɾəq/

Noun

عَرَق • ('araq) m (Hindi spelling अरक़)

1. sweat, perspiration, exuded moisture
2. juice, essence
3. (figuratively) liquor

References

• “عرق”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “عرق”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary , Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.