畏懼

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See also: 畏惧

Chinese

to fear to fear
trad. (畏懼) 畏 懼
simp. (畏惧) 畏 惧

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 畏 懼
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 微 (21) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 於胃切 其遇切
Baxter 'jw+jH gjuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔʉiH/ /ɡɨoH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔʷɨiH/ /ɡioH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiuəiH/ /ɡioH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔujH/ /guə̆H/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiuəiH/ /ɡioH/
Wang
Li 		/ĭwəiH/ /ɡĭuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔwe̯iH/ /gi̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wèi jù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wai3 geoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 畏 懼
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wèi jù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjwɨjH › ‹ gjuH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔuj-s/ /*ʷ(r)a(k)-s/
English fear (v.); threaten fear (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 畏 懼
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12939 7151
Phonetic
component 		畏 瞿
Rime
group 		微 魚
Rime
subdivision 		2 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		尉 懼
Old
Chinese 		/*quls/ /*ɡʷas/

Verb

畏懼

  1. to be afraid; to fear; to dread
    國家少年絕對不能畏懼失敗。
    国家少年绝对不能畏惧失败。
    Guójiā shàonián juéduì bùnéng wèijù shībài.
    The nation's youth must not fear failure.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 害怕, 怕
Taiwan 害怕, 怕
Harbin 害怕, 發毛
Malaysia 怕
Singapore 怕, 害怕
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 害怕, 怕, 打怵
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 害怕, 怵
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 害怕, 怕
Wanrong 驚
Xi'an 害怕, 怕, 怯火
Xuzhou 嫌怕, 打怵
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 害怕, 嚇
Lanzhou 害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
Ürümqi 害怕
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
Wuhan 嚇不過, 怕
Guiyang 害怕, 怕
Kunming 害怕
Guilin 怕
Liuzhou 慌
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 嚇怕, 怕
Yangzhou 害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
Hefei 怕
Cantonese Guangzhou 驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
Hong Kong 驚, 怕, 慌
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 狂
Macau 驚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 驚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 慌
Guangzhou (Conghua) 驚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 好怕
Foshan 驚, 窒
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 慌, 怕
Foshan (Shunde) 慌
Foshan (Sanshui) 慌
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 慌
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 驚
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 驚
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 驚
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 慌
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 慌
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 慌
Zhongshan (Henglan) 慌
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 慌
Zhongshan (Nantou) 慌
Zhongshan (Fusha) 慌
Zhongshan (Shalang) 慌
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 慌
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 狂, 驚
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 𢗉
Zhongshan (Banfu) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 慌, 驚
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 驚
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 驚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 驚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 驚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 驚
Taishan 𢗉
Kaiping (Chikan) 𢗉
Enping (Niujiang) 𢗉
Heshan (Yayao) 慌
Dongguan 狂
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 驚
Shaoguan 驚, 窒
Yunfu 怕, 驚
Yangjiang 𢗉
Xinyi 狂
Lianjiang 驚
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 驚, 怕
Singapore (Guangfu) 驚, 怕
Gan Nanchang 怕
Lichuan 怕
Hakka Meixian 驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 狂
Dongguan (Qingxi) 狂
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 好狂
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 驚
Wuhua (Huacheng) 怕, 驚, 畏
Heyuan (Bendihua) 驚
Wengyuan 驚
Liannan 驚
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 狂
Jiexi 驚
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 驚
Changting 怕
Wuping 怕
Wuping (Yanqian) 怕
Liancheng 嚇
Ninghua 怕
Ningdu 怕
Tonggu (Sandu) 怕
Ganzhou (Panlong) 怕
Dayu 怕
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 驚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 驚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 驚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 驚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 驚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 驚
Hong Kong 狂, 驚
Mengshan (Xihe) 怕
Luchuan 狂
Sabah (Longchuan) 狂
Senai (Huiyang) 狂
Singkawang 驚
Huizhou Jixi 怕, 嚇
Jin Taiyuan 害怕, 怕
Xinzhou 著怕, 怕
Northern Min Jian'ou 驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
Jian'ou (Dikou) 驚
Songxi 驚
Zhenghe 驚
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 驚
Jianyang 驚
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 畏
Wuyishan 嚇
Pucheng (Shibei) 嚇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 驚
Fuzhou (Changle) 驚
Lianjiang 驚
Fuqing 驚
Pingtan 驚
Yongtai 驚
Minqing 驚
Gutian 驚
Pingnan 驚
Luoyuan 驚
Fu'an 驚
Ningde 驚
Xiapu 驚
Zherong 驚
Shouning 驚
Zhouning 驚
Fuding 驚
Singapore (Fuqing) 驚
Southern Min Xiamen 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
Xiamen (Tong'an) 驚
Quanzhou 驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
Jinjiang 驚
Nan'an 驚
Shishi 驚
Hui'an 驚
Anxi 驚
Yongchun 驚
Dehua 驚
Zhangzhou 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 驚
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 驚
Hua'an 驚
Nanjing 驚
Pinghe 驚
Zhangpu 驚
Yunxiao 驚
Zhao'an 驚
Dongshan 驚
Kaohsiung 驚
Yilan 驚
Changhua (Lukang) 驚
Taichung 驚
Taichung (Wuqi) 驚惶
Tainan 驚
Taitung 驚
Hsinchu 驚
Kinmen 驚
Penghu (Magong) 驚
Penang (Hokkien) 驚
Singapore (Hokkien) 驚
Manila (Hokkien) 驚
Longyan 嚇
Zhangping 驚
Datian 驚
Chaozhou 驚, 畏
Raoping 驚
Shantou 驚
Jieyang 驚, 畏
Haifeng 驚
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 驚
Singapore (Teochew) 驚
Leizhou 驚
Wenchang 驚
Haikou 驚
Qionghai 驚
Singapore (Hainanese) 驚
Puxian Min Putian 驚
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 驚
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 驚
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 驚
Xianyou 驚
Xianyou (Fengting) 驚
Xianyou (Youyang) 驚
Central Min Yong'an 驚
Sanming (Sanyuan) 驚
Sanming (Shaxian) 驚
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 驚
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狂, 怕
Wu Shanghai 怕, 嚇
Shanghai (Chongming) 嚇
Suzhou 怕, 嚇
Danyang 怕
Hangzhou 怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
Ningbo 怕, 嚇
Wenzhou 怕, 嚇
Jinhua 光
Xiang Changsha 怕, 畏怯
Loudi 怕
Shuangfeng 怕

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (畏懼):
  • → Japanese: 畏懼(いく) (iku)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
畏 懼
い
Grade: S 		く
Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

畏(い)懼(く) • (iku) ←ゐく (wiku)?

  1. (literary) awe

Verb

畏(い)懼(く)する • (iku suru) ←ゐく (wiku)?suru (stem 畏(い)懼(く)し (iku shi), past 畏(い)懼(く)した (iku shita))

  1. (literary) to fear; to be struck with awe

Conjugation

Conjugation of "畏懼する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 畏懼し いくし iku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 畏懼し いくし iku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 畏懼する いくする iku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 畏懼する いくする iku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 畏懼すれ いくすれ iku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 畏懼せよ¹
畏懼しろ² 		いくせよ¹
いくしろ² 		iku seyo¹
iku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 畏懼される いくされる iku sareru
Causative 畏懼させる
畏懼さす 		いくさせる
いくさす 		iku saseru
iku sasu
Potential 畏懼できる いくできる iku dekiru
Volitional 畏懼しよう いくしよう iku shiyō
Negative 畏懼しない いくしない iku shinai
Negative continuative 畏懼せず いくせず iku sezu
Formal 畏懼します いくします iku shimasu
Perfective 畏懼した いくした iku shita
Conjunctive 畏懼して いくして iku shite
Hypothetical conditional 畏懼すれば いくすれば iku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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