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窮兵黷武. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
窮兵黷武, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
窮兵黷武 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
窮兵黷武 you have here. The definition of the word
窮兵黷武 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
窮兵黷武, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Chinese
|
|
exhausted; poor
|
soldiers; a force; an army soldiers; a force; an army; weapons; arms; military; warlike |
blacken; constantly; to insult
|
martial; military
|
| trad. (窮兵黷武)
|
窮
|
兵
|
黷
|
武
|
| simp. (穷兵黩武)
|
穷
|
兵
|
黩
|
武
|
Etymology
First attested in 224 CE in Cao Pi's edict to Wang Lang, et al.:
三世爲將，道家所忌。窮兵黷武，古有成戒。
三世为将，道家所忌。穷兵黩武，古有成戒。 - From: 224, 曹丕,《車駕臨江還詔三公》
- Sānshì wéi jiāng, dàojiā suǒ jì. Qióngbīng dúwǔ, gǔ yǒu chéngjiè.
- Generalship spanning over three generations is tabooed by Taoist teachings; To exhaust armies and indulge in war has always been an ancient admonition.
Pronunciation
| Rime
|
| Character
|
窮
|
兵
|
黷
|
武
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
| Initial (聲)
|
群 (30)
|
幫 (1)
|
定 (7)
|
明 (4)
|
| Final (韻)
|
東 (2)
|
庚 (111)
|
屋 (3)
|
虞 (24)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Checked (Ø)
|
Rising (X)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Closed
|
| Division (等)
|
III
|
III
|
I
|
III
|
| Fanqie
|
渠弓切
|
甫明切
|
徒谷切
|
文甫切
|
| Baxter
|
gjuwng
|
pjaeng
|
duwk
|
mjuX
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/ɡɨuŋ/
|
/pˠiæŋ/
|
/duk̚/
|
/mɨoX/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/ɡiuŋ/
|
/pᵚiaŋ/
|
/duk̚/
|
/mioX/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/ɡiuŋ/
|
/piaŋ/
|
/duk̚/
|
/mioX/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/guwŋ/
|
/piajŋ/
|
/dəwk̚/
|
/muə̆X/
|
Li
Rong
|
/ɡiuŋ/
|
/piɐŋ/
|
/duk̚/
|
/mioX/
|
Wang
Li
|
/ɡĭuŋ/
|
/pĭɐŋ/
|
/duk̚/
|
/mĭuX/
|
Bernhard
Karlgren
|
/gi̯uŋ/
|
/pi̯ɐŋ/
|
/dʱuk̚/
|
/mi̯uX/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
qióng
|
bīng
|
dú
|
wǔ
|
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
|
kung4
|
bing1
|
duk6
|
mou5
|
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
|
| Character
|
窮
|
窮
|
兵
|
武
|
| Reading #
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
|
qióng
|
qióng
|
bīng
|
wǔ
|
Middle
Chinese
|
‹ gjuwng ›
|
‹ gjuwng ›
|
‹ pjæng ›
|
‹ mjuX ›
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*(r)uŋ/
|
/*m-(r)uŋ/
|
/*praŋ/
|
/*m(r)aʔ/
|
| English
|
poor
|
exhaust
|
weapon
|
military
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
窮
|
兵
|
黷
|
武
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
| No.
|
4145
|
865
|
16036
|
13184
|
Phonetic
component
|
躬
|
兵
|
𧶠
|
武
|
Rime
group
|
終
|
陽
|
屋
|
魚
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
窮
|
兵
|
獨
|
武
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ɡuŋ/
|
/*praŋ/
|
/*l'oːɡ/
|
/*maʔ/
|
Idiom
窮兵黷武
- to start wars and use military might rashly and excessively
References
- ^ Zhang, Keli (张可礼) (1983) 三曹年谱 (Chronicle of the Three Caos), China: 齐鲁书社, page 206