abnormal
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From ab- + normal. First attested in 1835, replacing the earlier anormal and even earlier abnormous, from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either (ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”)), or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos).
Pronunciation
Adjective
abnormal (comparative more abnormal, superlative most abnormal)
- Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type.
- 1899, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter 6, in A Duet:
- And then after an abnormal meal, which was either a very late breakfast or a very early lunch, they drove on to Victoria Station.
- Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health.
- 1904, Jack London, chapter 23, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:
- Furuseth was right; I was abnormal, an "emotionless monster," a strange bookish creature, capable of pleasuring in sensations only of the mind.
- 1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 161:
- Many of the so-called rites of these secret societies were so patently ridiculous, that it is quite obvious that they were merely an excuse for men and women to indulge in sex-play and lustful gratification, frequently of an abnormal kind.
Synonyms
- (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from type): aberrant, anomalous, atypical, exceptional, extraordinary, irregular, preternatural, strange, unusual.
Derived terms
Descendants
Translations
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Noun
abnormal (plural abnormals)
- A person or object that is not normal.
References
- ^ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 , →ISBN), page 3
- ^ Morris, William, editor (1969), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., published 1971, →ISBN, page 3
- ^ Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abnormal”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 3.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abnormal”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 6.
Cebuano
Etymology
Borrowed from English abnormal.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ab‧nor‧mal
Adjective
abnormal
- abnormal; deviating from the usual or normal type
- retarded (having mental retardation)
- stupid (lacking in intelligence)
Noun
abnormal
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:abnormal.
Derived terms
German
Etymology
Related to Latin ab- and normal
Pronunciation
Adjective
abnormal (strong nominative masculine singular abnormaler, comparative abnormaler, superlative am abnormalsten)
Declension
Related terms
Further reading
Indonesian
Etymology
Affixed ab- + normal, from Dutch abnormaal, from English abnormal or German abnormal.
Pronunciation
Adjective
abnormal
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “abnormal” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Etymology
Pronunciation
Adjective
abnormal (Jawi spelling ابنورمل)
Derived terms
Regular affixed derivations:
References
- “abnormal” in Kamus Dewan Perdana, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2021, →ISBN, page 4.
Further reading
- “abnormal” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From English abnormal, from Latin abnōrmis (“departing from normal”), from both ab- (“away from, off”), from ab (“from, away from, of”), from Proto-Italic *ab, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, away”), and from nōrma (“norm, standard; rule, precept”) (with the suffix -is), from Etruscan, from Ancient Greek γνώμων (gnṓmōn, “examiner, carpenter's square”), from γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “I am aware of”) (with the suffix -μων (-mōn, “I am aware of”), from Proto-Indo-European *-mō), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵiǵneh₃- (with the suffix -σκω (-skō), from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Equivalent to abnorm + -al, suffix from French -al (“-al”), from Middle French, from Old French -al, from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Indo-European *-li-.
Pronunciation
Adjective
abnormal (neuter singular abnormalt, definite singular and plural abnormale, comparative mer abnormal, superlative mest abnormal)
- abnormal (not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type.)
- 1969, Naturen:
- normale og abnormale blodceller
- normal and abnormal blood cells
- 1909, Henrik Ibsen, Efterladte Skrifter I, page 406:
- [de] abnormale mod skjønhedsideen stridende udvæxter
- abnormal outgrowths contrary to the idea of beauty
- 1967, Naturen, page 6:
- abnormalt høye varmestrømmer fra underhavene [områdene under verdenshavene]
- abnormally high heat flows from under the oceans
- 2015 February 18, scenekunst.no:
- [han er] ikledd et absurd kontorantrekk fra 60-tallet med abnormalt høyt liv og et stripete slips
- wearing an absurd office suit from the 60's with abnormally high waist and a striped tie
- abnormal psykologi
- abnormal psychology
- Synonyms: anormal, unormal, uvanlig, usedvanlig, ualminnelig, overordentlig
- Antonyms: normal, vanlig, ordinær, gjennomsnittlig
References
- “abnormal” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
- “abnormal” in Store norske leksikon
Tagalog
Etymology
Borrowed from English abnormal, originally as a pseudo-Hispanism as shown by ultimate stress. The correct Spanish counterpart is anormal.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- Rhymes: (common) -al, (in code-switching speech) -oɾmal
- Syllabification: ab‧nor‧mal
Adjective
abnormál or abnormal (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜊ᜔ᜈᜓᜇ᜔ᜋᜎ᜔)
- abnormal; irregular
- Synonyms: di-karaniwan, di-normal
Usage notes
- The pronunciation /ʔabnoɾˈmal/ is the usual pronunciation attested in dictionaries and is commonly used.
- The pronunciation /ʔabˈnoɾmal/ is commonly used in code-switching speech, especially by younger speakers.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “abnormal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018