arī

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Latvian

Etymology

Formed from the particle ar with an extra ī (cf. Ancient Greek ἄρ (ár), ἄρα (ára, so, then), with an extra a).[1]

Pronunciation

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Particle

arī

  1. used to indicate connection, addition; too, also, (in negative sentences) either
    māsai līdzi atnāca arī brālistogether with the sister came also (her) brother
    tas, kas ar vēju nāk, ar vēju arī ietthat which comes with the wind also goes with the wind
    kad iesāki darbu, arī bija pavasaris, tikai citswhen you began the work, it was spring, too, just another (one)
    rāva vienu sērkociņu: tas nedega; rāva otru: tas arī nedegashe stroke one match: it didn't burn; he stroke another: it didn't burn either
  2. used to indicate addition and concession; too, also, (in negative sentences) either
    galu galā tik slikti arī nemaz nebija, lai redz pasaule, ka viņi nekaunas no nabagiem radiemin the end, it wasn't so bad either, let the world see that they were not ashamed of their poor relatives
    no iesākuma gan Kārlēns pļaujot cirta sīkāk, palika drusku iepakaļus, bet drīz arī šī starpība nolīdzinājāsin the beginning Kārlēns, (while) mowing, cut more finely, he left a little bit behind, but soon 'also this gap was evened out
  3. used to mark emphasis, intensification; anyway, indeed, even
    Anneli nekur nelaida... kur viņai arī vajadzēja iet!(they) didn't let Annele go anywhere... where could she go anyway!
    viesulis reiz nopostīja mūsu māju; veca jau arī bijaa whirlwind once destroyed our house; indeed it was old
    dzidrums tumšajās acīs neapdzisa arī tad, kad viņa tās nolaida zemākthe gleam in (her) dark eyes did not go out even when she lowered them
  4. (as a conjunction) used to link a single element to the preceding utterance; and also..., as well as...
    aizkrējis uz lauku saimnieks, arī saimniecethe landlord ran out of the field, and also the landlady
    katram revolūcijas cīnītājam bijis savs īpatns uzdevums dzīvē, arī sava īpaša, raksturīga dzīva cilvēka fiziskā sejaevery revolutionary fighter has their own specific task in life, as well as their own specific, characteristic living person's face
  5. (as a conjunction) used to link a clause, dependent or independent, to the preceding utterance; and, also, as well
    Anna nekā neatbildēja, arī Juris cieta klussAnna didn't answer anything, and Juris (also) kept silent
    Vācieši raķetes vairs nelaida. Arī šāvienu nedzirdēja.The Germans didn't shoot any more rockets. Also no (gun)shots were heard.

Conjunction

arī

  1. (as part of the coordinating conjunction arī) as well as
    sevišķi paplašinājās kviešu, kukurūzas, kā arī kokvilnas sējumiparticularly expanded were the fields of wheat, corn, as well as cotton
  2. (as part of the coordinating conjunctions ne vien ..., bet arī, ne tikai ..., bet arī, ne tikvien ..., bet arī, tiklab ... arī) not only ... but also, both ... and
    tomāti ir ne vien garšīgi, bet arī noderīgi un veselīgitomatoes are not only tasty but also useful and healthy
    Rīgas alus ir slavens ne tikai savā dzimtenē, bet arī tālu aiz tās robežāmRiga beer is famous not only in its homeland, but also far from its borders
    ne tikvien bērna gados, bet arī pieaugusi viņa paturēja to pašu prātu, kaut gan citādā ziņā nekā bērnsnot only in (her) childhood years, but also (as a) grownup she kept the same mind, though in a different way than a child
  3. (as part of the conjunctions kaut arī, lai arī) used to link a subordinate clause to a main clause, indicating a concessive relation between them; syn. lai gan, kaut gan); though, although, even though, albeit
    mākoņi nekad nevar norimt, kaut arī liekas stāvam uz vietasclouds never fade, though they seem to be (always) standing on the (same) place
    Zaiga ar patiku noklausījās Kalnezera noteiktajos, kaut arī, ka viņai likās, savādajos spriedumosZaiga listened with pleasure to Kalnezers' resolute, albeit, as it seemed to her, bizarre, judgments (= observations, opinions)
    lai arī dārzs ir mazliet nolaists, tas tomēr ir skaists — although the garden is a little neglected, it still is beautiful

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “arī”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN