refusha

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Swahili

Etymology

From -refu +‎ -isha (causative affix).

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-refusha (infinitive kurefusha)

  1. to lengthen, elongate

Conjugation

Conjugation of -refusha
Positive present -narefusha
Subjunctive -refushe
Negative -refushi
Imperative singular refusha
Infinitives
Positive kurefusha
Negative kutorefusha
Imperatives
Singular refusha
Plural refusheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hurefusha
Positive past positive subject concord + -lirefusha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kurefusha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -narefusha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninarefusha/narefusha tunarefusha
2nd person unarefusha mnarefusha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anarefusha wanarefusha
other classes positive subject concord + -narefusha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -refushi)
Singular Plural
1st person sirefushi haturefushi
2nd person hurefushi hamrefushi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) harefushi hawarefushi
other classes negative subject concord + -refushi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tarefusha
Negative future negative subject concord + -tarefusha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -refushe)
Singular Plural
1st person nirefushe turefushe
2nd person urefushe mrefushe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arefushe warefushe
other classes positive subject concord + -refushe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sirefushe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngerefusha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singerefusha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalirefusha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalirefusha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -arefusha)
Singular Plural
1st person narefusha twarefusha
2nd person warefusha mwarefusha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) arefusha warefusha
m-mi(III/IV) warefusha yarefusha
ji-ma(V/VI) larefusha yarefusha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) charefusha vyarefusha
n(IX/X) yarefusha zarefusha
u(XI) warefusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwarefusha
pa(XVI) parefusha
mu(XVIII) mwarefusha
Perfect positive subject concord + -merefusha
"Already" positive subject concord + -mesharefusha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jarefusha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kirefusha
"If not" positive subject concord + -siporefusha
Consecutive karefusha / positive subject concord + -karefusha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -karefushe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nirefusha -turefusha
2nd person -kurefusha -warefusha/-kurefusheni/-warefusheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mrefusha -warefusha
m-mi(III/IV) -urefusha -irefusha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lirefusha -yarefusha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kirefusha -virefusha
n(IX/X) -irefusha -zirefusha
u(XI) -urefusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kurefusha
pa(XVI) -parefusha
mu(XVIII) -murefusha
Reflexive -jirefusha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -refusha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -refushaye -refushao
m-mi(III/IV) -refushao -refushayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -refushalo -refushayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -refushacho -refushavyo
n(IX/X) -refushayo -refushazo
u(XI) -refushao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -refushako
pa(XVI) -refushapo
mu(XVIII) -refushamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -refusha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yerefusha -orefusha
m-mi(III/IV) -orefusha -yorefusha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lorefusha -yorefusha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chorefusha -vyorefusha
n(IX/X) -yorefusha -zorefusha
u(XI) -orefusha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -korefusha
pa(XVI) -porefusha
mu(XVIII) -morefusha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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