shindwa

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Swahili

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-shindwa (infinitive kushindwa)

  1. Passive form of -shinda: to lose, be beaten
    Synonym: -fungwa

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shindwa
Positive present -nashindwa
Subjunctive -shindwe
Negative -shindwi
Imperative singular shindwa
Infinitives
Positive kushindwa
Negative kutoshindwa
Imperatives
Singular shindwa
Plural shindweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushindwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishindwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushindwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashindwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashindwa/nashindwa tunashindwa
2nd person unashindwa mnashindwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashindwa wanashindwa
other classes positive subject concord + -nashindwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shindwi)
Singular Plural
1st person sishindwi hatushindwi
2nd person hushindwi hamshindwi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashindwi hawashindwi
other classes negative subject concord + -shindwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashindwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashindwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shindwe)
Singular Plural
1st person nishindwe tushindwe
2nd person ushindwe mshindwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashindwe washindwe
other classes positive subject concord + -shindwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishindwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshindwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshindwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishindwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishindwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashindwa)
Singular Plural
1st person nashindwa twashindwa
2nd person washindwa mwashindwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashindwa washindwa
m-mi(III/IV) washindwa yashindwa
ji-ma(V/VI) lashindwa yashindwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashindwa vyashindwa
n(IX/X) yashindwa zashindwa
u(XI) washindwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashindwa
pa(XVI) pashindwa
mu(XVIII) mwashindwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshindwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashindwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashindwa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishindwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhindwa
Consecutive kashindwa / positive subject concord + -kashindwa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashindwe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishindwa -tushindwa
2nd person -kushindwa -washindwa/-kushindweni/-washindweni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshindwa -washindwa
m-mi(III/IV) -ushindwa -ishindwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishindwa -yashindwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishindwa -vishindwa
n(IX/X) -ishindwa -zishindwa
u(XI) -ushindwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushindwa
pa(XVI) -pashindwa
mu(XVIII) -mushindwa
Reflexive -jishindwa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shindwa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shindwaye -shindwao
m-mi(III/IV) -shindwao -shindwayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shindwalo -shindwayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shindwacho -shindwavyo
n(IX/X) -shindwayo -shindwazo
u(XI) -shindwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shindwako
pa(XVI) -shindwapo
mu(XVIII) -shindwamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shindwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshindwa -oshindwa
m-mi(III/IV) -oshindwa -yoshindwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshindwa -yoshindwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshindwa -vyoshindwa
n(IX/X) -yoshindwa -zoshindwa
u(XI) -oshindwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshindwa
pa(XVI) -poshindwa
mu(XVIII) -moshindwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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