shtua

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Swahili

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-shtua (infinitive kushtua)

  1. to shock, startle

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shtua
Positive present -nashtua
Subjunctive -shtue
Negative -shtui
Imperative singular shtua
Infinitives
Positive kushtua
Negative kutoshtua
Imperatives
Singular shtua
Plural shtueni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushtua
Positive past positive subject concord + -lishtua
Negative past negative subject concord + -kushtua
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashtua)
Singular Plural
1st person ninashtua/nashtua tunashtua
2nd person unashtua mnashtua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashtua wanashtua
other classes positive subject concord + -nashtua
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shtui)
Singular Plural
1st person sishtui hatushtui
2nd person hushtui hamshtui
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashtui hawashtui
other classes negative subject concord + -shtui
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashtua
Negative future negative subject concord + -tashtua
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shtue)
Singular Plural
1st person nishtue tushtue
2nd person ushtue mshtue
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtue washtue
other classes positive subject concord + -shtue
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishtue
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshtua
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshtua
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishtua
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishtua
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashtua)
Singular Plural
1st person nashtua twashtua
2nd person washtua mwashtua
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashtua washtua
m-mi(III/IV) washtua yashtua
ji-ma(V/VI) lashtua yashtua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashtua vyashtua
n(IX/X) yashtua zashtua
u(XI) washtua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwashtua
pa(XVI) pashtua
mu(XVIII) mwashtua
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshtua
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshashtua
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashtua
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kishtua
"If not" positive subject concord + -siposhtua
Consecutive kashtua / positive subject concord + -kashtua
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashtue
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nishtua -tushtua
2nd person -kushtua -washtua/-kushtueni/-washtueni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshtua -washtua
m-mi(III/IV) -ushtua -ishtua
ji-ma(V/VI) -lishtua -yashtua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishtua -vishtua
n(IX/X) -ishtua -zishtua
u(XI) -ushtua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kushtua
pa(XVI) -pashtua
mu(XVIII) -mushtua
Reflexive -jishtua
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shtua- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -shtuaye -shtuao
m-mi(III/IV) -shtuao -shtuayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -shtualo -shtuayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shtuacho -shtuavyo
n(IX/X) -shtuayo -shtuazo
u(XI) -shtuao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -shtuako
pa(XVI) -shtuapo
mu(XVIII) -shtuamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shtua)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeshtua -oshtua
m-mi(III/IV) -oshtua -yoshtua
ji-ma(V/VI) -loshtua -yoshtua
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshtua -vyoshtua
n(IX/X) -yoshtua -zoshtua
u(XI) -oshtua see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koshtua
pa(XVI) -poshtua
mu(XVIII) -moshtua
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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