From Proto-Hellenic *gʷəlnō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷl̥-ne-h₁-, nasal-infix from *gʷelH- (“to hit by throwing”). Cognates are uncertain, but compare Sanskrit उद्गूर्ण (ud-gūrṇa) and Old Irish at·baill (“dies”).[1]
Sihler[2] argues for a N nasal progressive aspect marker, but Curtius[3] and Smyth[4] argue for a *y progressive aspect marker.
βᾰ́λλω • (bállō)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔβᾰλλον | ἔβᾰλλες | ἔβᾰλλε(ν) | ἐβᾰ́λλετον | ἐβᾰλλέτην | ἐβᾰ́λλομεν | ἐβᾰ́λλετε | ἔβᾰλλον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐβᾰλλόμην | ἐβᾰ́λλου | ἐβᾰ́λλετο | ἐβᾰ́λλεσθον | ἐβᾰλλέσθην | ἐβᾰλλόμεθᾰ | ἐβᾰ́λλεσθε | ἐβᾰ́λλοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βᾰ́λλον | βᾰ́λλες | βᾰ́λλε(ν) | βᾰ́λλετον | βᾰλλέτην | βᾰ́λλομεν | βᾰ́λλετε | βᾰ́λλον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | βᾰλλόμην | βᾰ́λλου | βᾰ́λλετο | βᾰ́λλεσθον | βᾰλλέσθην | βᾰλλόμε(σ)θᾰ | βᾰ́λλεσθε | βᾰ́λλοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βᾰλέω | βᾰλέεις | βᾰλέει | βᾰλέετον | βᾰλέετον | βᾰλέομεν | βᾰλέετε | βᾰλέουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | βᾰλέοιμῐ | βᾰλέοις | βᾰλέοι | βᾰλέοιτον | βᾰλεοίτην | βᾰλέοιμεν | βᾰλέοιτε | βᾰλέοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | βᾰλέομαι | βᾰλέῃ, βᾰλέει |
βᾰλέεται | βᾰλέεσθον | βᾰλέεσθον | βᾰλεόμεθᾰ | βᾰλέεσθε | βᾰλέονται | ||||
optative | βᾰλεοίμην | βᾰλέοιο | βᾰλέοιτο | βᾰλέοισθον | βᾰλεοίσθην | βᾰλεοίμεθᾰ | βᾰλέοισθε | βᾰλέοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | βληθήσομαι | βληθήσῃ | βληθήσεται | βληθήσεσθον | βληθήσεσθον | βληθησόμεθᾰ | βληθήσεσθε | βληθήσονται | ||||
optative | βληθησοίμην | βληθήσοιο | βληθήσοιτο | βληθήσοισθον | βληθησοίσθην | βληθησοίμεθᾰ | βληθήσοισθε | βληθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | βᾰλέειν | βᾰλέεσθαι | βληθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | βᾰλέων | βᾰλεόμενος | βληθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | βᾰλέουσᾰ | βᾰλεομένη | βληθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | βᾰλέον | βᾰλεόμενον | βληθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βᾰλλήσω | βᾰλλήσεις | βᾰλλήσει | βᾰλλήσετον | βᾰλλήσετον | βᾰλλήσομεν | βᾰλλήσετε | βᾰλλήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | βᾰλλήσοιμῐ | βᾰλλήσοις | βᾰλλήσοι | βᾰλλήσοιτον | βᾰλλησοίτην | βᾰλλήσοιμεν | βᾰλλήσοιτε | βᾰλλήσοιεν | |||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βᾰλλήσειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βᾰλλήσων | |||||||||||
f | βᾰλλήσουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | βᾰλλῆσον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βᾰ́λον | βᾰ́λες | βᾰ́λε(ν) | βᾰ́λετον | βᾰλέτην | βᾰ́λομεν | βᾰ́λετε | βᾰ́λον | ||||
middle | indicative | βᾰλόμην | βᾰ́λεο | βᾰ́λετο | βᾰ́λεσθον | βᾰλέσθην | βᾰλόμε(σ)θᾰ | βᾰ́λεσθε | βᾰ́λοντο | ||||
passive | indicative | βλήθην | βλήθης | βλήθη | βλήθητον | βληθήτην | βλήθημεν | βλήθητε | βλήθησᾰν, βλῆθεν | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | indicative | ἔβᾰλᾰ | ἔβᾰλᾰς | ἔβᾰλε(ν) | ἐβᾰ́λᾰτον | ἐβᾰλᾰ́την | ἐβᾰ́λᾰμεν | ἐβᾰ́λᾰτε | ἔβᾰλᾰν |
subjunctive | βᾰ́λω | βᾰ́λῃς | βᾰ́λῃ | βᾰ́λητον | βᾰ́λητον | βᾰ́λωμεν | βᾰ́λητε | βᾰ́λωσῐ(ν) | |
optative | βᾰ́λαιμῐ | βᾰ́λειᾰς, βᾰ́λαις |
βᾰ́λειε(ν), βᾰ́λαι |
βᾰ́λαιτον | βᾰλαίτην | βᾰ́λαιμεν | βᾰ́λαιτε | βᾰ́λειᾰν, βᾰ́λαιεν | |
imperative | βᾰ́λον | βᾰλᾰ́τω | βᾰ́λᾰτον | βᾰλᾰ́των | βᾰ́λᾰτε | βᾰλᾰ́ντων | |||
middle | indicative | ἐβᾰλᾰ́μην | ἐβᾰ́λω | ἐβᾰ́λᾰτο | ἐβᾰ́λᾰσθον | ἐβᾰλᾰ́σθην | ἐβᾰλᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐβᾰ́λᾰσθε | ἐβᾰ́λᾰντο |
subjunctive | βᾰ́λωμαι | βᾰ́λῃ | βᾰ́ληται | βᾰ́λησθον | βᾰ́λησθον | βᾰλώμεθᾰ | βᾰ́λησθε | βᾰ́λωνται | |
optative | βᾰλαίμην | βᾰ́λαιο | βᾰ́λαιτο | βᾰ́λαισθον | βᾰλαίσθην | βᾰλαίμεθᾰ | βᾰ́λαισθε | βᾰ́λαιντο | |
imperative | βᾰ́λαι | βᾰλᾰ́σθω | βᾰ́λᾰσθον | βᾰλᾰ́σθων | βᾰ́λᾰσθε | βᾰλᾰ́σθων | |||
active | middle | ||||||||
infinitive | βᾰ́λαι | βᾰ́λᾰσθαι | |||||||
participle | m | βᾰ́λᾱς | βᾰλᾰ́μενος | ||||||
f | βᾰ́λᾱσᾰ | βᾰλᾰμένη | |||||||
n | βᾰ́λᾰν | βᾰλᾰ́μενον |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | βλήμην | βλῆο | βλῆτο | βλῆσθον | βλήσθην | βλήμε(σ)θᾰ | βλῆσθε | βλῆντο | ||||
subjunctive | βλήεται | ||||||||||||
optative | βλῄμην | βλῇο | βλῇτο | βλῇσθον | βλῄσθην | βλῄμε(σ)θᾰ | βλῇσθε | βλῄᾰτο | |||||
imperative | βλῆο | βλήσθω | βλῆσθον | βλήσθων | βλῆσθε | βλήσθων | |||||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βλῆσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βλήμενος | |||||||||||
f | βλημένη | ||||||||||||
n | βλήμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Middle forms with passive meaning
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | βεβόλημαι | βεβόλησαι | βεβόληται | βεβόλησθον | βεβόλησθον | βεβολήμεθᾰ | βεβόλησθε | βεβολήαται | ||||
subjunctive | βεβολημένος ὦ | βεβολημένος ᾖς | βεβολημένος ᾖ | βεβολημένω ἦτον | βεβολημένω ἦτον | βεβολημένοι ὦμεν | βεβολημένοι ἦτε | βεβολημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | βεβολημένος εἴην | βεβολημένος εἴης | βεβολημένος εἴη | βεβολημένω εἴητον/εἶτον | βεβολημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | βεβολημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | βεβολημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | βεβολήμενοι εἰησᾰ́ν/εἰεν | |||||
imperative | βεβόλησο | βεβολήσθω | βεβόλησθον | βεβολήσθων | βεβόλησθε | βεβολήσθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | βεβολῆσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | βεβολημένος | |||||||||||
f | βεβολημένη | ||||||||||||
n | βεβολημένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Only with figurative meaning
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐβεβλήκειν, ἐβεβλήκη |
ἐβεβλήκεις, ἐβεβλήκης |
ἐβεβλήκει(ν) | ἐβεβλήκετον | ἐβεβληκέτην | ἐβεβλήκεμεν | ἐβεβλήκετε | ἐβεβλήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐβεβλήμην | ἐβέβλησο | ἐβέβλητο | ἐβέβλησθον | ἐβεβλήσθην | ἐβεβλήμεθᾰ | ἐβέβλησθε | ἐβέβληντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | βεβλήκειν, βεβλήκη |
βεβλήκεις, βεβλήκης |
βεβλήκει(ν) | βεβλήκετον | βεβληκέτην | βεβλήκεμεν | βεβλήκετε | βεβλήκεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | βεβλήμην | βέβλησο | βέβλητο | βέβλησθον | βεβλήσθην | βεβλήμεθᾰ | βέβλησθε | βεβλήατο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | βεβολήμην | βεβόλησο | βεβόλητο | βεβόλησθον | βεβολήσθην | βεβολήμεθᾰ | βεβόλησθε | βεβολήατο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
Only with figurative meaning
|
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βάλλω (bállō).
βάλλω • (vállo) (past έβαλα, passive βάλλομαι)
Active voice ➤ | Passive voice ➤ | |||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | Present | Dependent |
1 sg | βάλλω | βάλω | βάλλομαι | βληθώ |
2 sg | βάλλεις | βάλεις | βάλλεσαι | βληθείς |
3 sg | βάλλει | βάλει | βάλλεται | βληθεί |
1 pl | βάλλουμε, [‑ομε] | βάλουμε, [‑ομε] | βαλλόμαστε | βληθούμε |
2 pl | βάλλετε | βάλετε | βάλλεστε, βαλλόσαστε | βληθείτε |
3 pl | βάλλουν(ε) | βάλουν(ε) | βάλλονται | βληθούν(ε) |
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | Imperfect | Simple past |
1 sg | έβαλλα | έβαλα | βαλλόμουν(α) | βλήθηκα, [{εβλήθην}]1 |
2 sg | έβαλλες | έβαλες | βαλλόσουν(α) | βλήθηκες, [{εβλήθης}] |
3 sg | έβαλλε | έβαλε | βαλλόταν(ε) | βλήθηκε, {εβλήθη} |
1 pl | βάλλαμε | βάλαμε | βαλλόμασταν, (‑όμαστε) | βληθήκαμε, [{εβλήθημεν}] |
2 pl | βάλλατε | βάλατε | βαλλόσασταν, (‑όσαστε) | βληθήκατε, [{εβλήθητε}] |
3 pl | έβαλλαν, βάλλαν(ε) | έβαλαν, βάλαν(ε) | βάλλονταν, (βαλλόντουσαν) | βλήθηκαν, βληθήκαν(ε), {εβλήθησαν} |
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | Continuous | Simple |
1 sg | θα βάλλω ➤ | θα βάλω ➤ | θα βάλλομαι ➤ | θα βληθώ ➤ |
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα βάλλεις, … | θα βάλεις, … | θα βάλλεσαι, … | θα βληθείς, … |
Perfect aspect ➤ | Perfect aspect | |||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … βάλει | έχω, έχεις, … βληθεί είμαι, είσαι, … βεβλημένος, ‑η, ‑ο ➤ | ||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … βάλει | είχα, είχες, … βληθεί ήμουν, ήσουν, … βεβλημένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … βάλει | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … βληθεί θα είμαι, θα είσαι, … βεβλημένος, ‑η, ‑ο | ||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect |
2 sg | βάλλε | βάλε | — | — |
2 pl | βάλλετε | βάλετε (compare to βάλτε) | βάλλεστε | βληθείτε |
Other forms | Active voice | Passive voice | ||
Present participle➤ | βάλλοντας ➤ | passive past participle: {βληθείς, βληθείσα, βληθέν} passive present participle: βαλλόμενος, -η, -ο ➤ | ||
Perfect participle➤ | έχοντας βάλει ➤ | {βεβλημένος, ‑η, ‑o} ➤ | ||
Nonfinite form➤ | βάλει | βληθεί | ||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Passive forms ending with -θην are very formal, as in the ancient aorist ἐβλήθην from the conjugation of βάλλω. In Modern Greek, used in the 3rd persons, usually in compounds (all persons included here, for reference). • (…) optional or informal. rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||