काम
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काम
Hindi
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman). Doublet of कर्म (karm). Cognate with Punjabi ਕੱਮ (kamma), Assamese কাম (kam).
Noun
काम • (kām) m (Urdu spelling کام)
- work, task, labour
- Synonym: क्रिया (kriyā)
- मैं कारख़ाने में काम करता हूँ।
- ma͠i kārxāne mẽ kām kartā hū̃.
- I work at a factory.
- job, employment
- function, purpose
- यह बक्सा मेज़ का काम देगा।
- yah baksā mez kā kām degā.
- This box will serve the function of a table.
Declension
Declension of काम (masc cons-stem)
Derived terms
- काम करना (kām karnā)
- काम आना (kām ānā)
- काम तमाम करना (kām tamām karnā, “to kill”)
Etymology 2
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit काम (kāma), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ma.
Noun
काम • (kām) m (Urdu spelling کام)
Declension
Declension of काम (masc cons-stem)
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Classical Persian کام (kām).
Noun
काम • (kām) m
- mouth
- 1797 – 1869, Ghalib :
- दाम-ए-हर-मौज में है हलक़ा-ए-सद-काम-ए-नहंग,
देखें क्या गुज़रे है क़तरे पे गुहर होते तक- dām-e-har-mauj mẽ hai halqā-e-sad-kām-e-nahaṅg,
dekhẽ kyā guzre hai qatre pe guhar hote tak - In snares of every wave there is a ring of hundred mouths of sea monsters
it is to see what befalls the drop in becoming a pearl.
- dām-e-har-mauj mẽ hai halqā-e-sad-kām-e-nahaṅg,
- दाम-ए-हर-मौज में है हलक़ा-ए-सद-काम-ए-नहंग,
Related terms
- तल्ख़-काम (talx-kām)
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Classical Persian کام (kām), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ma. Doublet of काम (kām#Etymology_2).
Noun
काम • (kām) m
Related terms
- कामयाब (kāmyāb)
- कामयाबी (kāmyābī)
- तिश्ना-काम (tiśnā-kām)
Further reading
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “काम”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “काम”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “काम”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Konkani
Noun
काम • (kām) n (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)
Marathi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘦 (kāma), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫 (kamma), from Sanskrit कर्मन् (kárman), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *kárma, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kárma, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make”). Doublet of कर्म (karma).
Pronunciation
Noun
काम • (kām) n
Declension
| Declension of काम (neut cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
काम kām | ||
| direct plural |
कामे, कामं kāme, kāma | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
काम kām |
कामे, कामं kāme, kāma | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
कामा kāmā |
कामां- kāmān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
कामाला kāmālā |
कामांना kāmānnā | |
| ergative | कामाने, कामानं kāmāne, kāmāna |
कामांनी kāmānnī | |
| instrumental | कामाशी kāmāśī |
कामांशी kāmānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
कामात kāmāt |
कामांत kāmāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
कामा kāmā |
कामांनो kāmānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of काम (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
कामाचा kāmāċā |
कामाचे kāmāċe |
कामाची kāmācī |
कामाच्या kāmācā |
कामाचे, कामाचं kāmāċe, kāmāċa |
कामाची kāmācī |
कामाच्या kāmācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
कामांचा kāmānċā |
कामांचे kāmānċe |
कामांची kāmāñcī |
कामांच्या kāmāncā |
कामांचे, कामांचं kāmānċe, kāmānċa |
कामांची kāmāñcī |
कामांच्या kāmāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “काम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “काम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण (1932-1950) “काम”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे : महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kárman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Nepali
Etymology
Inherited from Sanskrit कर्मन् (karman).
Pronunciation
Noun
काम • (kām)
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Noun
काम m
- Devanagari script form of kāma (“lust”)
Declension
Declension table of "काम" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | कामो (kāmo) | कामा (kāmā) |
| Accusative (second) | कामं (kāmaṃ) | कामे (kāme) |
| Instrumental (third) | कामेन (kāmena) | कामेहि (kāmehi) or कामेभि (kāmebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | कामस्स (kāmassa) or कामाय (kāmāya) or कामत्थं (kāmatthaṃ) | कामानं (kāmānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | कामस्मा (kāmasmā) or कामम्हा (kāmamhā) or कामा (kāmā) | कामेहि (kāmehi) or कामेभि (kāmebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | कामस्स (kāmassa) | कामानं (kāmānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | कामस्मिं (kāmasmiṃ) or कामम्हि (kāmamhi) or कामे (kāme) | कामेसु (kāmesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | काम (kāma) | कामा (kāmā) |
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কাম (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬵᬫ (Balinese script)
- কাম (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰯𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀸𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ကာမ (Burmese script)
- કામ (Gujarati script)
- ਕਾਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌾𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦴꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂰𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಕಾಮ (Kannada script)
- កាម (Khmer script)
- ກາມ (Lao script)
- കാമ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠ᠊ᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘰𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᢗᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧑𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐵𑐩 (Newa script)
- କାମ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢵꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆳𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖯𑖦 (Siddham script)
- කාම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩛𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚭𑚢 (Takri script)
- காம (Tamil script)
- కామ (Telugu script)
- กาม (Thai script)
- ཀཱ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒰𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨊𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *káHmas (“desire”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂-mo-s, from *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”). Cognate to Avestan 𐬐𐬁𐬨𐬀 (kāma, “desire”), Persian کام (kâm, “desire”). Wider cognates include Latin cārus, whence French cher and English charity, and English whore.
Pronunciation
Noun
काम • (kā́ma) stem, m
- wish, desire, longing
- love, affection, object of desire or of love or of pleasure
- pleasure, enjoyment
- love, especially sexual love or sensuality
- Love or Desire personified
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of काम (kā́ma) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कामः kā́maḥ |
कामौ / कामा¹ kā́mau / kā́mā¹ |
कामाः / कामासः¹ kā́māḥ / kā́māsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | काम kā́ma |
कामौ / कामा¹ kā́mau / kā́mā¹ |
कामाः / कामासः¹ kā́māḥ / kā́māsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | कामम् kā́mam |
कामौ / कामा¹ kā́mau / kā́mā¹ |
कामान् kā́mān |
| Instrumental | कामेन kā́mena |
कामाभ्याम् kā́mābhyām |
कामैः / कामेभिः¹ kā́maiḥ / kā́mebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | कामाय kā́māya |
कामाभ्याम् kā́mābhyām |
कामेभ्यः kā́mebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कामात् kā́māt |
कामाभ्याम् kā́mābhyām |
कामेभ्यः kā́mebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कामस्य kā́masya |
कामयोः kā́mayoḥ |
कामानाम् kā́mānām |
| Locative | कामे kā́me |
कामयोः kā́mayoḥ |
कामेषु kā́meṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Derived terms
- कामकाम (kāmakāma)
- कामकार (kāmakāra)
- कामकारतस् (kāmakāratas)
- कामकृत (kāmakṛta)
- कामगूण (kāmagūṇa)
- कामचार (kāmacāra, “free unrestrained action”)
- कामचारतस् (kāmacāratas, “according to one's inclination, voluntarily”)
- कामचारिन् (kāmacārin, “moving or acting at pleasure, without restraint”)
- कामज (kāmaja)
- कामद (kāmada, “giving what is wished, granting desires”)
- कामदहन (kāmadahana)
- कामदान (kāmadāna)
- कामदीहिनि (kāmadīhini)
- कामदेव (kāmadeva)
- कामधर्म (kāmadharma)
- कामधेनु (kāmadhenu)
- कामन (kāmana)
- कामना (kāmanā)
- कामबद्ध (kāmabaddha, “bound by love”)
- कामबल (kāmabala, “force of desire, sexual power”)
- कामबाण (kāmabāṇa, “arrow of the god of love”)
- कामबिन्दु (kāmabindu, “a 'wish-drop', anything dropped into the fire to procure the fulfilment of a wish, drop of melted butter”)
- कामभोग (kāmabhoga, “gratification of the desires, sensual gratification”)
- काममय (kāmamaya)
- काममर्दन (kāmamardana)
- काममिनी (kāmaminī)
- काममू्त
- काममोह (kāmamoha)
- कामम् (kāmam)
- कामलुब्ध (kāmalubdha)
- कामशास्त्र (kāmaśāstra, “a treatise on pleasure or sexual love”)
- कामसूत्र (kāmasūtra, “treatise on pleasure or sexual love by Vātsyāyana, the kāma·sūtra”)
Descendants
Proper noun
काम • (kāma) stem, m
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of काम (kāma) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कामः kāmaḥ |
कामौ / कामा¹ kāmau / kāmā¹ |
कामाः / कामासः¹ kāmāḥ / kāmāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | काम kāma |
कामौ / कामा¹ kāmau / kāmā¹ |
कामाः / कामासः¹ kāmāḥ / kāmāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | कामम् kāmam |
कामौ / कामा¹ kāmau / kāmā¹ |
कामान् kāmān |
| Instrumental | कामेन kāmena |
कामाभ्याम् kāmābhyām |
कामैः / कामेभिः¹ kāmaiḥ / kāmebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | कामाय kāmāya |
कामाभ्याम् kāmābhyām |
कामेभ्यः kāmebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कामात् kāmāt |
कामाभ्याम् kāmābhyām |
कामेभ्यः kāmebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कामस्य kāmasya |
कामयोः kāmayoḥ |
कामानाम् kāmānām |
| Locative | कामे kāme |
कामयोः kāmayoḥ |
कामेषु kāmeṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “काम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 252.
- Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “काम”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 343