塗炭

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See also: 涂炭

Chinese

to smear; daub charcoal
trad. (塗炭) 塗 炭
simp. (涂炭) 涂 炭
Literally: “to be (mired) in mud and coal”.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

塗炭

  1. (literary) mire and charcoal ashes; (figurative) filthy place
  2. (literary, figurative) harrowing situation; extreme distress; great affliction
    • 有夏昏德，民墜塗炭。
      有夏昏德，民坠涂炭。
      From: Forged Old Text of the Book of Documents, circa 3rd – 4th century CE
      Yǒuxià hūndé, mín zhuì tútàn.
      The sovereign of Xia had his virtue all-obscured, and the people were (as if they had fallen) amid mire and (burning) charcoal.

Verb

塗炭

  1. (literary) to be in a harrowing situation; to be in great distress
  2. (literary) to ravage or devastate such that one is in great distress

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Vietnamese: lầm than (calque)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

塗炭

  1. (Southern Min) coal
  2. (Teochew) coal briquette
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 煤 (“coal”)
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 煤, 烏金
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 煤, 煤炭
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 煤
Taiwan 煤
Chengde 煤
Chifeng 煤
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 煤
Heihe 煤
Qiqihar 煤, 炭 mined
Harbin 煤
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 煤
Jiamusi 煤
Baicheng 煤
Changchun 煤
Tonghua 煤, 炭 mined
Shenyang 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Jinzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 煤
Tangshan 煤
Cangzhou 煤
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 煤
Baoding 煤
Shijiazhuang 煤, 炭 fuel
Lijin 煤
Jinan 煤, 炭
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 煤
Dandong 煤
Yantai 煤
Qingdao 煤
Zhucheng 煤, 炭 mined
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 煤
Jining 煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel
Wanrong 炭
Linfen 煤, 炭 mined
Shangqiu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yuanyang 煤, 炭 mined
Zhengzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Xinyang 煤, 炭 mined
Ankang 煤, 煤炭
Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 煤, 煤炭
Baihe 煤, 炭 mined
Baihe (Maoping) 煤炭
Xi'an 煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined
Dingbian 炭
Baoji 煤, 煤炭 mined
Tianshui 煤, 石炭 mined
Xining 煤, 石煤 mined
Xuzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Fuyang 煤
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 煤, 煤炭
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 煤, 炭 mined
Lanzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Dunhuang 煤, 砟子 fuel
Hami 煤
Ürümqi 煤
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Nanchong 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Dazhou 煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Hanyuan 炭, 煤 fuel
Xichang 煤, 炭 mined
Zigong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Chongqing 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Wuhan 煤, 炭 mined
Yichang 煤
Xiangyang 煤, 煤炭 mined
Tianmen 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Guiyang 煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined
Bijie 煤炭, 煤 fuel
Liping 煤
Zhaotong 炭
Dali 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel
Kunming 煤, 煤炭 mined
Mengzi 煤 mined, 炭 fuel
Guilin 煤, 煤炭 mined
Pingle 煤
Liuzhou 煤
Luzhai 煤
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 煤
Nanning (Fujian) 煤
Nanning (Wuming) 煤
Binyang (Nanjie) 煤
Hechi (Yizhou) 煤
Luocheng (Dongmen) 煤, 煤炭
Tianlin (Langping) 煤
Jishou 煤
Changde 煤, 炭 mined
Yongzhou 煤炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 煤
Shiquan 煤炭
Ziyang 煤炭
Hanzhong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Dagudi (Maliba) 煤
Reshuitang (Longling) 煤
Mae Salong (Lancang) 煤
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 煤
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 煤
Yangzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Lianyungang 煤, 炭 mined
Lianshui 煤
Nantong 煤, 炭 mined
Anqing 煤
Wuhu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Hefei 煤, 煤炭 mined
Hong'an 煤, 煤炭, 炭
Cantonese Guangzhou 煤
Hong Kong 煤
Taishan (Guanghai) 煤
Yangjiang 煤
Wuzhou 煤
Baise 煤
Qinzhou 煤
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 煤
Beihai 煤
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 煤炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 煤
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 煤炭
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 煤
Pingle (Majia) 煤
Pingle (Shuishan) 煤
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 煤
Móng Cái 煤炭
Mandalay (Taishan) 煤
Gan Nanchang 煤炭
Pengze 煤
Hakka Meixian 煤, 石炭
Bobai (Lingping) 煤
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 煤
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 煤
Pingle (Tong'an) 煤
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 煤
Huizhou Shexian 煤
Jin Taiyuan 煤 soot, 炭 piece
Pingyao 炭
Yangyuan 煤, 炭 mined
Datong 炭
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 炭
Xinzhou 炭
Lüliang (Lishi) 煤, 炭 mined
Changzhi 煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined
Linhe 炭
Jining 炭
Liangcheng 煤
Hohhot 煤, 炭 mined
Erenhot 煤 mined, 炭
Pingshan 煤, 炭 mined
Zhangjiakou 煤, 煤炭 mined
Handan 煤, 炭 mined
Linzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Suide 炭, 石炭 mined
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 煤
Jinhua 煤
Lanxi 煤
Tunxi 煤
Northern Min Jian'ou 煤, 煤炭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 煤
Fuqing 煤
Gutian 煤
Pingnan 煤
Fu'an 煤
Shouning 煤
Southern Min Xiamen 塗炭, 煤
Quanzhou 塗炭
Jinjiang 塗炭
Zhangzhou 塗炭
Guilin (Biyange) 煤
Chaozhou 塗炭, 煤
Shantou 煤
Jieyang 塗炭, 煤
Pontianak (Teochew) 煤
Puxian Min Putian 煤, 煤炭
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 煤
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 煤
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 煤, 煤炭
Xianyou 煤
Xianyou (Fengting) 煤
Xianyou (Youyang) 煤
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 煤
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 煤
Southern Pinghua Binyang 煤
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 煤
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 煤
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 煤
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 煤
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 煤
Chengbu (Xuntou) 煤
Wu Shanghai (Songjiang) 煤
Suzhou 煤
Wenzhou 煤
Yiwu 煤
Xiang Changsha 煤炭, 煤
Shuangfeng 煤炭
Hengyang 炭, 煤
Hengshan 煤炭
Hengshan (Baiguo) 煤炭
Derived terms
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