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柔 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹木 (NHD), four-corner 17904, composition ⿱矛木)
trad. | 柔 | |
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simp. # | 柔 |
Old Chinese | |
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堥 | *muː, *mu |
蓩 | *muːʔ, *moːɡ |
猱 | *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us |
茅 | *mruː |
罞 | *mruː, *muːŋ |
蝥 | *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs |
鶜 | *mruː |
瞀 | *moːɡs, *mroːɡ |
愗 | *moːɡs |
袤 | *mus |
雺 | *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs |
懋 | *mus |
楙 | *mus |
矛 | *mu |
蟊 | *mu |
髳 | *mu, *muːŋ |
鍪 | *mu |
鞪 | *mu, *moːɡ |
糅 | *ml'us |
腬 | *ml'us, *mlju |
柔 | *mlju |
揉 | *mju |
蹂 | *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus |
鍒 | *mju |
騥 | *mju |
蝚 | *mju |
葇 | *mju, *mjuʔ |
鞣 | *mju, *mjus |
鰇 | *mju |
瑈 | *mju |
鶔 | *mju |
楺 | *mjuʔ |
煣 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
輮 | *mjuʔ, *mjus |
韖 | *mjuʔ |
敄 | *moʔ, *mos |
務 | *moɡs |
鶩 | *moɡs, *moːɡ |
騖 | *moɡs |
婺 | *moɡs |
霚 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
嵍 | *moɡs |
霧 | *moɡs, *moːŋ |
霿 | *moːŋ, *moːŋs |
楘 | *moːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *mlju) : phonetic 矛 (OC *mu) + semantic 木 (“tree”) – wood soft enough that it can easily be cut.
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *now (“tender; soft”), which has also been compared to 軟 (OC *njonʔ, “soft”), 弱 (OC *njewɢ, “weak”), 肉 (OC *njuɡ, “meat”), 懦 (OC *noːls, *njo, “cowardly”), 荏 (OC *njɯmʔ, “weak”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
Variety | Location | 柔 |
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Mandarin | Beijing | /ʐou³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ʐou²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /iou⁴⁵/ /ʐou⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʐou⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /iou⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʐou⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ʐou²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ʐɯ²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʐəu⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʐou⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ʐɤu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /nəu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /zəu³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /zəu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʐəu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʐəɯ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ʐɯ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /zəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ʐəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ʐəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /zɤ²³/ |
Suzhou | /zɤ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /zei²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /jɤu³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /iu⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | ||
Xiang | Changsha | /iəu¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /iəɯ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | |
Hakka | Meixian | /iu¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒiu¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /jɐu²¹/ |
Nanning | /jɐu²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /jɐu²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /liu³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ieu⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /iu²¹/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /zĩu⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ziu²¹³/ |
柔
SI prefix | ||
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Last | Next | |
攸/幺 | 絨/柔/绒/柔 | 匱/虧/匮/亏 |
Kanji in this term |
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柔 |
じゅう Grade: S |
kan’on |
/d͡ʑɨu/ → /d͡ʑuː/ → /ʑuː/
From Middle Chinese 柔 (MC nyuw).
The 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han sound”) reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Kanji in this term |
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柔 |
にゅう Grade: S |
goon |
/nɨu/ → /ɲuː/
From Middle Chinese 柔 (MC nyuw).
The 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu sound”) reading, so likely the earlier borrowing from Middle Chinese.
Kanji in this term |
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柔 |
やわ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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和 |
/jaɸa/ → /jawa/
Possibly a back-formation of 柔柔 (yawayawa, “soft, supple”).
柔 • (yawa) ←やは (yafa)?-na (adnominal 柔な (yawa na), adverbial 柔に (yawa ni))
Kanji in this term |
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柔 |
やわ(ら) Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 柔 – see the following entry: 柔ら |
(The following entry is uncreated: 柔ら.)
柔 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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