ποιέω

See also: ποιϝέω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ποιϝέω (poiwéō) — Doric, Boeotian

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷoiwéyō, as shown by Doric/Aeolic ποιϝέω (poiwéō), perhaps derived from a noun *ποιϝός (*poiwós) (seen in many compounds as the suffix -ποιός (-poiós)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoywós, from *kʷey- (“pile, stow, to gather”). Cognates include Sanskrit चिनोति (cinoti, “to arrange, pile up”) and Proto-Slavic *činiti (“to instigate, perform”).^[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /poi̯.é.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /pyˈe.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /pyˈe.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /pyˈe.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /piˈe.o/

Verb

ποιέω • (poiéō)

to make
- 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 16
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Herodas, Collected Works 4.22
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.135
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.62
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.65
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 503
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.608
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.735
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.435
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.168
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.482
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.796
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.251
- 100 CE – 200 CE, Longus, Collected Works 1.4
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Epistles 361a
- 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Themistocles 5
- 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.1.5
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, 4 31
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.5.14
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.5.22
1. to create
  - 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Against Alcibiades 22
  - 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, On the Mysteries 124
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Eubulides 43
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 11
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 161
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 110
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 203b
  - 360 BCE, Plato, Timaeus 76c
  - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, 2 312a
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3.19
2. to produce
  - 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, Various History 1.15
  - 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 1322
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 261
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 522b.32
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Phaenippus 20
  - 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 3:10
  - AD 254–270, Plotinus, Enneades 2.3.1
  - 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 9.1.23
  - 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, On the Causes of Plants 1.19.3
  1. (mathematics) to make, to produce
    - 287 BCE – 212 BCE, Archimedes, On Conoides and Spheroids 12
    - c. 225 BCE, Archimedes, On the Sphere and Cylinder 1.16
    - c. 225 BCE, Archimedes, On the Sphere and Cylinder 2.6
    - 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 7.19
  2. to postulate, imply
    - AD 254–270, Plotinus, Enneades 3.9.3
  3. to solve
    - c. 225 BCE, Archimedes, On the Sphere and Cylinder 1.2
    - 262 BCE – 190 BCE, Apollonius of Perga, Conics 2.49
3. (post-Homeric) to compose, write poetry
  - 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 153
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.23
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.53
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.38
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.14
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Helen 64
  - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Ion 534b
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 60d
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 243b
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 383a
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 223d
  1. to write of (an event) in poetry
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 1453b.29
    - 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 100
    - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 525d
    - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Hippias Minor 369c
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 61b
    - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 379a
    - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 174b
    - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.105b
  2. to invent
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Rhetoric 1404b.29
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 1457b.2
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.115
    - 399 BCE, Plato, Euthyphro 3b
4. to cause
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.432
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.250
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.452
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Areopagiticus 54
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.89
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.6
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 6.3.10
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.10.8
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 4.3.14
  1. to cause someone to
    - 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 59
    - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 351
    - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 912
    - 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 459
    - 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 746
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.209
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.109
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.258
    - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 926
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 3.2.29
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.5.48
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.1.23
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.3.18
  2. to procure
    - 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Fourth Philippic 76
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.126
    - 4th century BC, Isaeus, Hagnias 1
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.25
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.60
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.76
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 6.11
  3. to celebrate, observe
    - 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 169
    - 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 746
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.49
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.57
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.19
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 8.2
    - 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Menexenus 234b
    - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 328a
    - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 31.16
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.15
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.91
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.28
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 4.5.1
  4. Used in the middle with a noun periphrastically for the verb derived from said noun.
    - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Against the Stepmother for Poisoning 4
    - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, On the Murder of Herodes 21
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.29
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.95
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.42
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.71
    - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Defence against a Charge of subverting the Democracy 2
    - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 527a
    - 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 302
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.128
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.89
5. (with predicate adjective) to make, cause to be
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Spudias 3
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.57
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.156
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Fr. 76.5
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 707
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 818
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.409
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 12.30
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.363
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.387
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.42
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.12
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Panegyricus 39
  - The Gospel of Mark 3:14
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 923c
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 411b
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, 1 Samuel 12.6
  - 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 547
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.29
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.5.2
6. to put
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Theocrines 61
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 136
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.27
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.201
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.33
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 13.55
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.274
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Nicocles or the Cyprians 37
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.109
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.3
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 8.53
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Agesilaus 1.22
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.4.21
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.2.11
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.1.3
  1. (mathematics) to multiply
    - 10 CE – 70 CE, Hero, Metrica 1.8
    - 10 CE – 70 CE, Hero, Metrica 2.14
7. (middle voice) to consider, deem
  - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, First Olynthiac 16
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.83
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.61
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.3
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Against Callimachus 63
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Nicocles 15
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Philip 138
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Trapeziticus 58
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Alcibiades 1 40
  - 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, On the Murder of Eratosthenes 1
  - 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Apology 21e
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 489c
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 584
  - 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 498
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.118
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.5
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 6.6.11
8. to assume
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.184
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 498a
  - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 197d
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 5.7.9
9. to take time, spend time
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Conon 26
  - 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 163
  - 36 BCE – 30 BCE, Diodorus Siculus, Historical Library 1.35
  - New Testament, Acts of the Apostles 20:3
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Philebus 50d
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Tobit 10.7
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Proverbs 13.23
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.28
10. (later Greek) to sacrifice
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 29.36
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Job 42.8
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 1 Kings 11.33
11. to prepare
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 18.7
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, 2 Samuel 19.24
12. to play (sense 3)
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, 1 Kings 20.7
to do
- 470 BCE, Aeschylus, The Suppliants 911
- 424 BCE, Aristophanes, The Knights 811
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Leptines 12
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 5
- 341 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Chersonese 2
- 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 62
- 350 BCE – 250 BCE, Euclid, Elements 1.1
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.134
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.40
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.56
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 60e
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1010
1. to do something to someone
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 259
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 388
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 697
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aphobus 3 37
  - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, First Olynthiac 18
  - 361 BCE – 291 BCE, Dinarchus, Collected Works 1.17
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.115
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.152
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.166
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.37
  - 4th century BC, Isaeus, Nicostratus 19
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, On the Team of Horses 50
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 26.29
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, 1 Samuel 5.8
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.3.8
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 9.12
2. (with adverb) to act
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 143
  - 349 BCE, Demosthenes, First Olynthiac 28
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Leptines 110
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.112
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.24
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Charmides 166c
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 60c
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 328d
  - 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 469b
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 174e
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 652
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.4.9
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.4.13
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 1.3.1
3. (pro-verb) Refers back to a previous verb: to do
  - 330 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Crown 52
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.97
  - 4th century BC, Isaeus, Apollodorus 35
4. to act
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Categories 2a.3
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, On Generation and Corruption 322b.11
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Physics 225b.13
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.11
  1. (medicine) to operate, to be efficacious
    - 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 13.183
    - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 117b
    - 200 CE – 400 CE, Pseudo-Plutarch, On Rivers 1.6
    - 200 CE – 400 CE, Pseudo-Plutarch, On Rivers 16.2
    - 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 5.3.6
    - 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 7.14.1
  2. (in Thucydides) to have effect
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.8.4:
      ἡ δὲ εὔνοια παρὰ πολὺ ἐποίει τῶν ἀνθρώπων μᾶλλον ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους.
      hē dè eúnoia parà polù epoíei tôn anthrṓpōn mâllon es toùs Lakedaimoníous.
      The goodwill of the men had a lot of effect on the Lacedaemonians.
    1. (in Thucydides, impersonal) it yields +
      - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.12.3:
        ἐπὶ πολὺ γὰρ ἐποίει τῆς δόξης ἐν τῷ τότε τοῖς μὲν ἠπειρώταις μάλιστα εἶναι καὶ τὰ πεζὰ κρατίστοις
        epì polù gàr epoíei tês dóxēs en tôi tóte toîs mèn ēpeirṓtais málista eînai kaì tà pezà kratístois
        For it yielded them, on the one hand, much fame at that time that they were mostly footfolk and superior on land.
5. (Koine) to do customarily, to practise
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Proverbs 1.7
  - 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Ezekiel 8.9,17
  - 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 5:19
  - 70 CE – 110 CE, The Gospel of Matthew 23:3
  - 50 CE – 100 CE, The Gospel of Luke 6:27
  - New Testament, Revelation 22:15
(middle voice) to pretend
- 500 CE – 565 CE, Procopius, Secret History 10

Inflection

Present: ποιέω, ποιέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποιέω	ποιέεις	ποιέει	ποιέετον	ποιέετον	ποιέομεν	ποιέετε	ποιέουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ποιέω	ποιέῃς	ποιέῃ	ποιέητον	ποιέητον	ποιέωμεν	ποιέητε	ποιέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ποιέοιμῐ	ποιέοις	ποιέοι	ποιέοιτον	ποιεοίτην	ποιέοιμεν	ποιέοιτε	ποιέοιεν
	imperative		ποίεε	ποιεέτω	ποιέετον	ποιεέτων		ποιέετε	ποιεόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ποιέομαι	ποιέῃ, ποιέει	ποιέεται	ποιέεσθον	ποιέεσθον	ποιεόμεθᾰ	ποιέεσθε	ποιέονται
	subjunctive	ποιέωμαι	ποιέῃ	ποιέηται	ποιέησθον	ποιέησθον	ποιεώμεθᾰ	ποιέησθε	ποιέωνται
	optative	ποιεοίμην	ποιέοιο	ποιέοιτο	ποιέοισθον	ποιεοίσθην	ποιεοίμεθᾰ	ποιέοισθε	ποιέοιντο
	imperative		ποιέου	ποιεέσθω	ποιέεσθον	ποιεέσθων		ποιέεσθε	ποιεέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ποιέειν				ποιέεσθαι
participle	m	ποιέων				ποιεόμενος
	f	ποιέουσᾰ				ποιεομένη
	n	ποιέον				ποιεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ποιῶ, ποιοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποιῶ	ποιεῖς	ποιεῖ	ποιεῖτον	ποιεῖτον	ποιοῦμεν	ποιεῖτε	ποιοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ποιῶ	ποιῇς	ποιῇ	ποιῆτον	ποιῆτον	ποιῶμεν	ποιῆτε	ποιῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ποιοίην, ποιοῖμῐ	ποιοίης, ποιοῖς	ποιοίη, ποιοῖ	ποιοῖτον, ποιοίητον	ποιοίτην, ποιοιήτην	ποιοῖμεν, ποιοίημεν	ποιοῖτε, ποιοίητε	ποιοῖεν, ποιοίησᾰν
	imperative		ποίει	ποιείτω	ποιεῖτον	ποιείτων		ποιεῖτε	ποιούντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ποιοῦμαι	ποιεῖ, ποιῇ	ποιεῖται	ποιεῖσθον	ποιεῖσθον	ποιούμεθᾰ	ποιεῖσθε	ποιοῦνται
	subjunctive	ποιῶμαι	ποιῇ	ποιῆται	ποιῆσθον	ποιῆσθον	ποιώμεθᾰ	ποιῆσθε	ποιῶνται
	optative	ποιοίμην	ποιοῖο	ποιοῖτο	ποιοῖσθον	ποιοίσθην	ποιοίμεθᾰ	ποιοῖσθε	ποιοῖντο
	imperative		ποιοῦ	ποιείσθω	ποιεῖσθον	ποιείσθων		ποιεῖσθε	ποιείσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ποιεῖν				ποιεῖσθαι
participle	m	ποιῶν				ποιούμενος
	f	ποιοῦσᾰ				ποιουμένη
	n	ποιοῦν				ποιούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ποιέω, ποιέομαι (Ionic, uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποιέω	ποιέεις	ποιέει	ποιέετον	ποιέετον	ποιέομεν	ποιέετε	ποιέουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ποιέω	ποιέῃς	ποιέῃ	ποιέητον	ποιέητον	ποιέωμεν	ποιέητε	ποιέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ποιέοιμῐ	ποιέοις	ποιέοι	ποιέοιτον	ποιεοίτην	ποιέοιμεν	ποιέοιτε	ποιέοιεν
	imperative		ποίεε	ποιεέτω	ποιέετον	ποιεέτων		ποιέετε	ποιεόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ποιέομαι	ποιέεαι	ποιέεται	ποιέεσθον	ποιέεσθον	ποιεόμεθᾰ	ποιέεσθε	ποιέονται
	subjunctive	ποιέωμαι	ποιέηαι	ποιέηται	ποιέησθον	ποιέησθον	ποιεώμεθᾰ	ποιέησθε	ποιέωνται
	optative	ποιεοίμην	ποιέοιο	ποιέοιτο	ποιέοισθον	ποιεοίσθην	ποιεοίμεθᾰ	ποιέοισθε	ποιεοίᾰτο
	imperative		ποιέευ	ποιεέσθω	ποιέεσθον	ποιεέσθων		ποιέεσθε	ποιεέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ποιέειν				ποιέεσθαι
participle	m	ποιέων				ποιεόμενος
	f	ποιέουσᾰ				ποιεομένη
	n	ποιέον				ποιεόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ποιέω, ποιεῦμαι (Ionic, contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποιέω	ποιεῖς	ποιεῖ	ποιεῖτον	ποιεῖτον	ποιεῦμεν	ποιεῖτε	ποιεῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ποιέω	ποιῇς	ποιῇ	ποιῆτον	ποιῆτον	ποιέωμεν	ποιῆτε	ποιέωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ποιέοιμι	ποιέοις	ποιέοι	ποιέοιτον	ποιεοίτην	ποιέοιμεν	ποιέοιτε	ποιέοιεν
	imperative		ποίει	ποιείτω	ποιεῖτον	ποιείτων		ποιεῖτε	ποιεύντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ποιεῦμαι	ποιῇ	ποιεῖται	ποιεῖσθον	ποιεῖσθον	ποιεύμεθᾰ	ποιεῖσθε	ποιεῦνται
	subjunctive	ποιέωμαι	ποιῇ	ποιῆται	ποιῆσθον	ποιῆσθον	ποιεώμεθᾰ	ποιῆσθε	ποιέωνται
	optative	ποιεοίμην	ποιέοιο	ποιέοιτο	ποιέοισθον	ποιεοίσθην	ποιεοίμεθᾰ	ποιέοισθε	ποιεοίᾰτο
	imperative		ποιεῦ	ποιείσθω	ποιεῖσθον	ποιείσθων		ποιεῖσθε	ποιείσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ποιεῖν				ποιεῖσθαι
participle	m	ποιέων				ποιεύμενος
	f	ποιεῦσᾰ				ποιευμένη
	n	ποιεῦν				ποιεύμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: ποιϝέω, ποιϝέομαι (Doric, contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποιϝέω	ποιϝεῖς	ποιϝεῖ	ποιϝεῖτον	ποιϝεῖτον	ποιϝέομες	ποιϝεῖτε	ποιϝέοντῐ
	subjunctive	ποιϝέω	ποιϝῇς	ποιϝῇ	ποιϝῆτον	ποιϝῆτον	ποιϝέωμες	ποιϝῆτε	ποιϝέωντῐ
	optative	ποιϝέοιμι	ποιϝέοις	ποιϝέοι	ποιϝέοιτον	ποιϝεοίτᾱν	ποιϝέοιμες	ποιϝέοιτε	ποιϝέοιεν
	imperative		ποίϝει	ποιϝείτω	ποιϝεῖτον	ποιϝείτων		ποιϝεῖτε	ποιϝεόντω
middle/ passive	indicative	ποιϝέομαι	ποιϝῇ	ποιϝεῖται	ποιϝεῖσθον	ποιϝεῖσθον	ποιϝεόμεθᾰ	ποιϝεῖσθε	ποιϝέονται
	subjunctive	ποιϝέωμαι	ποιϝῇ	ποιϝῆται	ποιϝῆσθον	ποιϝῆσθον	ποιϝεώμεθᾰ	ποιϝῆσθε	ποιϝέωνται
	optative	ποιϝεοίμᾱν	ποιϝέοιο	ποιϝέοιτο	ποιϝέοισθον	ποιϝεοίσθᾱν	ποιϝεοίμεθᾰ	ποιϝέοισθε	ποιϝέοιντο
	imperative		ποιϝέου	ποιϝείσθω	ποιϝεῖσθον	ποιϝείσθων		ποιϝεῖσθε	ποιϝείσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ποιϝεῖν				ποιϝεῖσθαι
participle	m	ποιϝέων				ποιϝεόμενος
	f	ποιϝέουσᾰ				ποιϝεομένᾱ
	n	ποιϝέον				ποιϝεόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐποίεον, ἐποιεόμην (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐποίεον	ἐποίεες	ἐποίεε(ν)	ἐποιέετον	ἐποιεέτην	ἐποιέομεν	ἐποιέετε	ἐποίεον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐποιεόμην	ἐποιέου	ἐποιέετο	ἐποιέεσθον	ἐποιεέσθην	ἐποιεόμεθᾰ	ἐποιέεσθε	ἐποιέοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐποίουν, ἐποιούμην (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐποίουν	ἐποίεις	ἐποίει	ἐποιεῖτον	ἐποιείτην	ἐποιοῦμεν	ἐποιεῖτε	ἐποίουν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐποιούμην	ἐποιοῦ	ἐποιεῖτο	ἐποιεῖσθον	ἐποιείσθην	ἐποιούμεθᾰ	ἐποιεῖσθε	ἐποιοῦντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐποίεον, ἐποιεόμην (Ionic, uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐποίεον	ἐποίεες	ἐποίεε(ν)	ἐποιέετον	ἐποιεέτην	ἐποιέομεν	ἐποιέετε	ἐποίεον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐποιεόμην	ἐποιέου	ἐποιέετο	ἐποιέεσθον	ἐποιεέσθην	ἐποιεόμεθᾰ	ἐποιέεσθε	ἐποιέοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐποίευν, ἐποιεύμην (Ionic, contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐποίευν	ἐποίεις	ἐποίει	ἐποιεῖτον	ἐποιείτην	ἐποιεῦμεν	ἐποιεῖτε	ἐποίευν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐποιεύμην	ἐποιεῦ	ἐποιεῖτο	ἐποιεῖσθον	ἐποιείσθην	ἐποιεύμεθᾰ	ἐποιεῖσθε	ἐποιεῦντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ποίεον, ποιεόμην (Epic, uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποίεον	ποίεες	ποίεε(ν)	ποιέετον	ποιεέτην	ποιέομεν	ποιέετε	ποίεον
middle/ passive	indicative	ποιεόμην	ποιέου	ποιέετο	ποιέεσθον	ποιεέσθην	ποιεόμε(σ)θᾰ	ποιέεσθε	ποιέοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ποίευν, ποιεύμην (Epic, contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποίευν	ποίεις	ποίει	ποιεῖτον	ποιείτην	ποιεῦμεν	ποιεῖτε	ποίευν
middle/ passive	indicative	ποιεύμην	ποιεῖο/ποιέο	ποιεῖτο	ποιεῖσθον	ποιείσθην	ποιεύμε(σ)θᾰ	ποιεῖσθε	ποιεῦντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ποιέεσκον, ποιεεσκόμην (Ionic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποιέεσκον	ποιέεσκες	ποιέεσκε(ν)	ποιεέσκετον	ποιεεσκέτην	ποιεέσκομεν	ποιεέσκετε	ποιέεσκον
middle/ passive	indicative	ποιεεσκόμην	ποιεέσκου	ποιεέσκετο	ποιεέσκεσθον	ποιεεσκέσθην	ποιεεσκόμεθᾰ	ποιεέσκεσθε	ποιεέσκοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ποιήσω, ποιήσομαι, ποιηθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποιήσω	ποιήσεις	ποιήσει	ποιήσετον	ποιήσετον	ποιήσομεν	ποιήσετε	ποιήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ποιήσοιμῐ	ποιήσοις	ποιήσοι	ποιήσοιτον	ποιησοίτην	ποιήσοιμεν	ποιήσοιτε	ποιήσοιεν
middle	indicative	ποιήσομαι	ποιήσῃ, ποιήσει	ποιήσεται	ποιήσεσθον	ποιήσεσθον	ποιησόμεθᾰ	ποιήσεσθε	ποιήσονται
middle	optative	ποιησοίμην	ποιήσοιο	ποιήσοιτο	ποιήσοισθον	ποιησοίσθην	ποιησοίμεθᾰ	ποιήσοισθε	ποιήσοιντο
passive	indicative	ποιηθήσομαι	ποιηθήσῃ	ποιηθήσεται	ποιηθήσεσθον	ποιηθήσεσθον	ποιηθησόμεθᾰ	ποιηθήσεσθε	ποιηθήσονται
passive	optative	ποιηθησοίμην	ποιηθήσοιο	ποιηθήσοιτο	ποιηθήσοισθον	ποιηθησοίσθην	ποιηθησοίμεθᾰ	ποιηθήσοισθε	ποιηθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ποιήσειν			ποιήσεσθαι		ποιηθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ποιήσων			ποιησόμενος		ποιηθησόμενος
	f	ποιήσουσᾰ			ποιησομένη		ποιηθησομένη
	n	ποιῆσον			ποιησόμενον		ποιηθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐποίησᾰ, ἐποιησᾰ́μην, ἐποιήθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐποίησᾰ	ἐποίησᾰς	ἐποίησε(ν)	ἐποιήσᾰτον	ἐποιησᾰ́την	ἐποιήσᾰμεν	ἐποιήσᾰτε	ἐποίησᾰν
	subjunctive	ποιήσω	ποιήσῃς	ποιήσῃ	ποιήσητον	ποιήσητον	ποιήσωμεν	ποιήσητε	ποιήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ποιήσαιμῐ	ποιήσειᾰς, ποιήσαις	ποιήσειε(ν), ποιήσαι	ποιήσαιτον	ποιησαίτην	ποιήσαιμεν	ποιήσαιτε	ποιήσειᾰν, ποιήσαιεν
	imperative		ποίησον	ποιησᾰ́τω	ποιήσᾰτον	ποιησᾰ́των		ποιήσᾰτε	ποιησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐποιησᾰ́μην	ἐποιήσω	ἐποιήσᾰτο	ἐποιήσᾰσθον	ἐποιησᾰ́σθην	ἐποιησᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐποιήσᾰσθε	ἐποιήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ποιήσωμαι	ποιήσῃ	ποιήσηται	ποιήσησθον	ποιήσησθον	ποιησώμεθᾰ	ποιήσησθε	ποιήσωνται
	optative	ποιησαίμην	ποιήσαιο	ποιήσαιτο	ποιήσαισθον	ποιησαίσθην	ποιησαίμεθᾰ	ποιήσαισθε	ποιήσαιντο
	imperative		ποίησαι	ποιησᾰ́σθω	ποιήσᾰσθον	ποιησᾰ́σθων		ποιήσᾰσθε	ποιησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ἐποιήθην	ἐποιήθης	ἐποιήθη	ἐποιήθητον	ἐποιηθήτην	ἐποιήθημεν	ἐποιήθητε	ἐποιήθησᾰν
	subjunctive	ποιηθῶ	ποιηθῇς	ποιηθῇ	ποιηθῆτον	ποιηθῆτον	ποιηθῶμεν	ποιηθῆτε	ποιηθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ποιηθείην	ποιηθείης	ποιηθείη	ποιηθεῖτον, ποιηθείητον	ποιηθείτην, ποιηθειήτην	ποιηθεῖμεν, ποιηθείημεν	ποιηθεῖτε, ποιηθείητε	ποιηθεῖεν, ποιηθείησᾰν
	imperative		ποιήθητῐ	ποιηθήτω	ποιήθητον	ποιηθήτων		ποιήθητε	ποιηθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ποιῆσαι			ποιήσᾰσθαι		ποιηθῆναι
participle	m	ποιήσᾱς			ποιησᾰ́μενος		ποιηθείς
	f	ποιήσᾱσᾰ			ποιησᾰμένη		ποιηθεῖσᾰ
	n	ποιῆσᾰν			ποιησᾰ́μενον		ποιηθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ποίησᾰ, ποιησᾰ́μην, ποιήθην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ποίησᾰ	ποίησᾰς	ποίησε(ν)	ποιήσᾰτον	ποιησᾰ́την	ποιήσᾰμεν	ποιήσᾰτε	ποίησᾰν
	subjunctive	ποιήσω, ποιήσωμῐ	ποιήσῃς, ποιήσῃσθᾰ	ποιήσῃ, ποιήσῃσῐ	ποιήσητον	ποιήσητον	ποιήσωμεν	ποιήσητε	ποιήσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ποιήσαιμῐ	ποιήσαις, ποιήσαισθᾰ, ποιήσειᾰς	ποιήσειε(ν), ποιήσαι	ποιησεῖτον	ποιησείτην	ποιησεῖμεν	ποιησεῖτε	ποιησεῖεν
	imperative		ποίησον	ποιησᾰ́τω	ποιήσᾰτον	ποιησᾰ́των		ποιήσᾰτε	ποιησᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ποιησᾰ́μην	ποιήσᾰο	ποιήσᾰτο	ποιήσᾰσθον	ποιησᾰ́σθην	ποιησᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ	ποιήσᾰσθε	ποιήσᾰντο
	subjunctive	ποιήσωμαι	ποιήσηαι	ποιήσηται	ποιήσησθον	ποιήσησθον	ποιησώμε(σ)θᾰ	ποιήσησθε	ποιήσωνται
	optative	ποιησαίμην	ποιήσαιο	ποιήσαιτο	ποιήσαισθον	ποιησαίσθην	ποιησαίμε(σ)θᾰ	ποιήσαισθε	ποιησαίᾰτο
	imperative		ποίησαι	ποιησᾰ́σθω	ποιήσᾰσθον	ποιησᾰ́σθων		ποιήσᾰσθε	ποιησᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	ποιήθην	ποιήθης	ποιήθη	ποιήθητον	ποιηθήτην	ποιήθημεν	ποιήθητε	ποιήθησᾰν, ποίηθεν
	subjunctive	ποιηθῶ	ποιηθῇς	ποιηθῇ	ποιηθῆτον	ποιηθῆτον	ποιηθῶμεν	ποιηθῆτε	ποιηθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ποιηθείην	ποιηθείης	ποιηθείη	ποιηθεῖτον, ποιηθείητον	ποιηθείτην, ποιηθειήτην	ποιηθεῖμεν, ποιηθείημεν	ποιηθεῖτε, ποιηθείητε	ποιήθειεν, ποιηθείησᾰν
	imperative		ποιήθητῐ	ποιηθήτω	ποιήθητον	ποιηθήτων		ποιήθητε	ποιηθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ποιῆσαι/ποιησᾰ́μεν/ποιησᾰμέναι			ποιήσᾰσθαι		ποιηθῆναι/ποιηθήμεναι
participle	m	ποιήσᾱς			ποιησᾰ́μενος		ποιηθείς
	f	ποιήσᾱσᾰ			ποιησᾰμένη		ποιηθεῖσᾰ
	n	ποιῆσᾰν			ποιησᾰ́μενον		ποιηθέν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: πεποίηκᾰ, πεποίημαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	πεποίηκᾰ	πεποίηκᾰς	πεποίηκε(ν)	πεποιήκᾰτον	πεποιήκᾰτον	πεποιήκᾰμεν	πεποιήκᾰτε	πεποιήκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	πεποιήκω	πεποιήκῃς	πεποιήκῃ	πεποιήκητον	πεποιήκητον	πεποιήκωμεν	πεποιήκητε	πεποιήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	πεποιήκοιμῐ, πεποιηκοίην	πεποιήκοις, πεποιηκοίης	πεποιήκοι, πεποιηκοίη	πεποιήκοιτον	πεποιηκοίτην	πεποιήκοιμεν	πεποιήκοιτε	πεποιήκοιεν
	imperative		πεποίηκε	πεποιηκέτω	πεποιήκετον	πεποιηκέτων		πεποιήκετε	πεποιηκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	πεποίημαι	πεποίησαι	πεποίηται	πεποίησθον	πεποίησθον	πεποιήμεθᾰ	πεποίησθε	πεποίηνται
	subjunctive	πεποιημένος ὦ	πεποιημένος ᾖς	πεποιημένος ᾖ	πεποιημένω ἦτον	πεποιημένω ἦτον	πεποιημένοι ὦμεν	πεποιημένοι ἦτε	πεποιημένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	πεποιημένος εἴην	πεποιημένος εἴης	πεποιημένος εἴη	πεποιημένω εἴητον/εἶτον	πεποιημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	πεποιημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	πεποιημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	πεποιημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		πεποίησο	πεποιήσθω	πεποίησθον	πεποιήσθων		πεποίησθε	πεποιήσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		πεποιηκέναι				πεποιῆσθαι
participle	m	πεποιηκώς				πεποιημένος
	f	πεποιηκυῖᾰ				πεποιημένη
	n	πεποιηκός				πεποιημένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Pluperfect: ἐπεποιήκειν, ἐπεποιήμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεποιήκειν, ἐπεποιήκη	ἐπεποιήκεις, ἐπεποιήκης	ἐπεποιήκει(ν)	ἐπεποιήκετον	ἐπεποιηκέτην	ἐπεποιήκεμεν	ἐπεποιήκετε	ἐπεποιήκεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπεποιήμην	ἐπεποίησο	ἐπεποίητο	ἐπεποίησθον	ἐπεποιήσθην	ἐπεποιήμεθᾰ	ἐπεποίησθε	ἐπεποίηντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἀγαθοποιέω (agathopoiéō)
ἀγαθοποιός (agathopoiós)
ἀντιποιέω (antipoiéō)
ἐμποιέω (empoiéō)
νεωτεροποιός (neōteropoiós)
περιποιέω (peripoiéō)
ποίημᾰ (poíēma)
ποιηρός (poiērós)
ποιησείω (poiēseíō)
ποίησῐς (poíēsis)
ποιητέος (poiētéos)
ποιητής (poiētḗs)
ποιητῐκός (poiētikós)
ποιητός (poiētós)
προσποιέω (prospoiéō)

Descendants

Greek: ποιώ (poió)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ποιέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1216