шар

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ), probably of Oghur origin, related to the adjective Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“bright, yellow”). Akin to the first element in the name of the Šaraghur tribe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

шар • (šar) m

1. (obsolete, dialectal) spot, shade, tinge
2. (archaic) hue

   Synonyms: боя (boja), багра (bagra)

3. (abstract) pattern, texture

Usage notes

In the standard language, the diminutive form шарка (šarka) is more often used.

Declension

Derived terms

• шарка (šarka, “stripe; smallpox”)
• шаря (šarja, “to variegate”)
  • шарен (šaren, “variegated”)

References

• “шар”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• шаръ in Исторически речник на българския език, Sofia University "St. Clement Ohridsky"

Kalmyk

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃaˈrə/

Adjective

шар • (şar) (Clear script spelling ᠱᠠᠷᠠ (šara))

1. yellow

Kazakh

Etymology 1

From Proto-Turkic *čar (“whetstone, sickle , to whet”).

Cognate with Bashkir сар (sar), Karakalpak shar, Nogai шар (şar), Kumyk чар (çar, “whetstone, spool”), Kyrgyz чар (car, “whetstone”), Southern Altai чар (čar, “whetstone”), Tatar чар (çar, “whetstone, mill stone”), Shor шар, Tuvan шар (şar, “whetstone”), Yakut сардаҕа (sardağa), Dolgan сардаана (sardaana, “short heavy arrow with a broad head”), etc.

Noun

шар • (şar)

1. whetstone

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”).

Noun

шар • (şar)

1. (geometry) ball

Declension

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šarъ. Doublet of шара (šara, “pattern, design”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

шар • (šar) m (plural шари)

1. colorfulness
2. (rare) color

Mongolian

Pronunciation

• (Ulaanbaatar) IPA^(key): /ʃar/,

Etymology 1

1. From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara), Dongxiang shira.
2. Akin to Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”), compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”), Chuvash шурӑ (šură, “white”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)
3. Doublet of шарга (šarga, “tawny”).

Adjective

шар • (šar)

1. yellow
2. heartburn

Derived terms

• шар айраг (šar ajrag, “beer”)
• шар лууван (šar luuvan, “carrot”)
• шар үс (šar üs, “vellus hair”)
• шар будаа (šar budaa, “millet”)

See also

Etymology 2

Noun

шар • (šar)

1. ox

See also

• үхэр (üxer)

Russian

Russian Wikipedia has an article on:

шар

Wikipedia ^ru

Alternative forms

• шаръ (šar) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Unclear. Perhaps related (although Vasmer found it unconvincing) to Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ, “color, paint”), Old Church Slavonic шарити (šariti, “to paint”), Old Church Slavonic шаръчи (šarŭči, “painter”), which probably derive from an early Turkic borrowing into Slavic; cf. Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). In that case, the sense development might have been “color, paint” → “spot” → “round object”.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ar

Noun

шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ра, nominative plural шары́, genitive plural шаро́в, relational adjective шарово́й, diminutive ша́рик)

1. ball, solid sphere
2. (mathematics) ball (the set of points lying within a given distance from a given point)
3. balloon

Usage notes

• After the numbers 2, 3 and 4, and related higher numbers, the stress in the genitive singular falls on the final syllable: два́дцать два́ шара́ (dvádcatʹ dvá šará, “twenty-two balls/balloons”). In the mathematical sense, however, ша́ра is used even when counting: три ша́ра (tri šára, “three (mathematical) balls”).

Declension

Derived terms

• возду́шный ша́р (vozdúšnyj šár, “balloon”)
• земно́й шар (zemnój šar, “Earth (seen as a globe)”)
• сне́жный ша́р (snéžnyj šár, “snow globe”)

Related terms

• шаровидный (šarovidnyj), шарообразный (šaroobraznyj), ша́риковый (šárikovyj)
• ша́рить (šáritʹ)

Descendants

• → Ingrian: šaara
• → Kazakh: шар (şar)
• → Yakut: шар (shar)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʃâːr/

Noun

ша̑р m (Latin spelling šȃr)

1. Earth, globe (spherical model of Earth)
2. firmament, welkin
3. natural beauty

Tabasaran

Noun

шар • (šar)

1. water

Synonyms

• шид (šid)

References

• Talibov, B. B. (1980) Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков [Comparative phonetics of Lezghian languages]‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 172

Ukrainian

Ukrainian Wikipedia has an article on:

шар

Wikipedia ^uk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Possibly borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”) with a subsequent shift in meaning.

Noun

шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ру, nominative plural ша́ри, genitive plural ша́рів)

1. layer

   снігови́й шар ― snihovýj šar ― layer of snow

2. stratum
3. annual ring of a tree

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

шар • (šar)

1. second-person singular imperative of ша́рити impf (šáryty)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1980), “шар”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 11 (Х – Ь), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 409
• “шар”, in Горох – Словозміна (in Ukrainian)

Further reading

• A. Rysin, V. Starko, Yu. Marchenko, O. Telemko, et al. (compilers, 2007–2022), “шар”, in Russian-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• A. Rysin, V. Starko, et al. (compilers, 2011–2020), “шар”, in English-Ukrainian Dictionaries
• “шар”, in Kyiv Dictionary (in English)
• “шар”, in Словник.ua (in Ukrainian)

Yakut

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian шар (šar).

Noun

шар • (shar)

1. ball (sphere)

Derived terms

• сир шара (sir shara, “globe”)
• салгын шара (salgın shara, “balloon”)

See also

• шарик (sharik, “balloon”)