शुल्क

Borrowed from Sanskrit शुल्क (śulka).

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃʊlk/

शुल्क • (śulk) m

1. fee, payment, charge

   Synonym: फ़ीस (fīs)

   प्रवेश करने के लिए वहाँ शुल्क चुकाना होगा।

   praveś karne ke lie vahā̃ śulk cukānā hogā.

   To enter you will have to pay the fee there.

2. customs, tariff, duty

   सीमा-शुल्क ― sīmā-śulk ― border tariff

• निःशुल्क (niḥśulk, “free of charge”)
• सशुल्क (saśulk, “paid”)

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “शुल्क”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “शुल्क”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
• “शुल्क”, in Collins Gem Hindi-English Dictionary, Collins, 2011, →ISBN
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “शुल्क”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi : Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “शुल्क”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Of unclear origin. Probably borrowed from Dravidian; compare Tamil சுங்கம் (cuṅkam, “customs, toll”). The Sanskrit root शुल्क् (śulk, “to pay”) is artificially derived from this word.

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕul.kɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕul̪.kɐ/

शुल्क • (śulká) stem, m or n

1. price, value, purchase-money
2. the prize of a contest
3. duty, fee, toll, tax, customs (esp. money levied at ferries, passes, and roads)

   अद्य एव शुल्कं दातव्यं अस्ति।

   adya eva śulkaṃ dātavyaṃ asti.

   I am due to pay fees exactly today.

   शिक्षण शुल्क ― śikṣaṇa śulka ― tuition fee

   अधिकोष-शुल्क ― adhikoṣa-śulka ― bank fee

   मार्ग-शुल्क ― mārga-śulka ― toll (literally, “road-fee”)

4. dowry, nuptial gift (orig. a price given to parents for the purchase of a bride, but in later times bestowed on the wife as her own property together with the profits of household labor, domestic utensils, ornaments etc.), dower, marriage settlement
5. wages of prostitution

• Monier Williams (1899) “शुल्क”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1084/2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 648
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 359-60
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śulká”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press