武德

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Chinese

		martial	ethics
simp. and trad. (武德)		武	德

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wǔdé

(Zhuyin): ㄨˇ ㄉㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁵ dak¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bú-tek

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wǔdé
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˇ ㄉㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wǔdé
  - Wade–Giles: wu³-tê²
  - Yale: wǔ-dé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuuder
  - Palladius: удэ (udɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɤ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    五德
    武德
    舞德
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁵ dak¹
  - Yale: móuh dāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁵ dak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁵ deg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯¹³ tɐk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bú-tek
  - Tâi-lô: bú-tik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bw'deg
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɪk̚³²/

Middle Chinese: mjuX tok

Rime
Character	武	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	文甫切	多則切
Baxter	mjuX	tok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨo^X/	/tək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mio^X/	/tək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mio^X/	/tək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muə̆^X/	/tək̚/
Li Rong	/mio^X/	/tək̚/
Wang Li	/mĭu^X/	/tək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯u^X/	/tək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wǔ	de
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mou⁵	dak¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)aʔ tˤək/

(Zhengzhang): /*maʔ tɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	武	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wǔ	dé
Middle Chinese	‹ mju^X ›	‹ tok ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)aʔ/	/*tˁək/
English	military	virtue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	武	德
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13184	17266
Phonetic component	武	直
Rime group	魚	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	武	德
Old Chinese	/*maʔ/	/*tɯːɡ/

Noun

武德

ethics of martial arts
- 登之罘，刻石。其辭曰：「皇帝哀眾，遂發討師，奮揚武德。」
  登之罘，刻石。其辞曰：「皇帝哀众，遂发讨师，奋扬武德。」
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Dēng Zhīfú, kèshí. Qí cí yuē: “ huángdì āi zhòng, suì fā tǎo shī, fènyáng wǔdé. ”
  The emperor ascended Mount Zhifu and had the following insctiption carved on stone: Till, pitying the people, the Emperor sent troops to punish the wicked and to display his might
- 這閃電五連鞭，不講武德啊！我勸你耗子尾汁！
  这闪电五连鞭，不讲武德啊！我劝你耗子尾汁！
  From: 2020 November 29, 《“闪电五连鞭”“不讲武德”“耗子尾汁”爆红网络马保国出圈一场扭曲的网络狂欢》, in 《南国都市报》, page 15
  Zhè shǎndiàn wǔliánbiān, bù jiǎng wǔdé a! Wǒ quàn nǐ hàoziwěizhī!
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 數百年　戰袂煞　我輩武德
  数百年　战袂煞　我辈武德
  From: CHTHONIC《暮沉武德殿》
  sò͘ pah nî, chiàn bē soah, ngó͘-pòe bú-tek
  For hundreds of years, war rages on; we guard Bu-tik

Derived terms

武德殿

Proper noun

武德

era name of Emperor Gaozu of Tang (618—626)
- 高蹈乎八荒之表，而抗心乎千秋之間。駸駸乎兩漢之疆域，廣於三代；貞觀之政治，隆於武德矣。
  高蹈乎八荒之表，而抗心乎千秋之间。骎骎乎两汉之疆域，广于三代；贞观之政治，隆于武德矣。
  From: 1907, 王國維 (Wang Guowei),《〈人間詞乙稿〉序》, translated by Adele Austin Rickett
  Gāo dǎo hū bāhuāng zhī biǎo, ér kàng xīn hū qiānqiū zhī jiān. Qīnqīn hū liǎng Hàn zhī jiāngyù, guǎng yú sāndài; Zhēnguàn zhī zhèngzhì, lóng yú Wǔdé yǐ.
  They stride high over all directions of the world, elevate the mind over the span of a thousand autumns, gallop swiftly beyond the borders of the Earlier and Later Han, are more encompassing than the government of the Hsia, Shang, and Chou or that of T’ang T’ai-tsung, and are more magnificent than the first emperor of the T’ang, Kao-tsu.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (武德):

→ Japanese: 武(ぶ)徳(とく) (butoku)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
武	德
ぶ Grade: 5	とく Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 武德 – see the following entry.

【武徳ぶとく】

ethics of martial arts

(This term, 武德, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

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