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研究 . In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
研究 , but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
研究 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
研究 you have here. The definition of the word
研究 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
研究 , as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Chinese
grind fine; study; research
after all; to investigate; to study carefully
trad. (研究 )
研
究
simp. # (研究 )
研
究
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : yánjiū , yánjiù
(Zhuyin ) : ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ, ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ
(Dungan , Cyrillic and Wiktionary ) : янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping ) : jin4 gau3
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : ngiên-kiu / ngiân-kiu
(Hailu , HRS ) : nganˋ giuˇ
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : ngan1 giu1
Eastern Min (BUC ) : ngiĕng-géu
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing ): ngieng2 giu4
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : gián-kiù
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : ngiêng5 giu3 / ngiang5 giu3
Wu (Shanghai , Wugniu ) : 1 gni-cieu
Note :
ngiêng5 giu3 - Chaozhou;
ngiang5 giu3 - Shantou.
Verb
研究
( intransitive , transitive ) to research ; to study
進行 研究 / 进行 研究 ― jìnxíng yánjiū ― to conduct research
研究 方向 ― yánjiū fāngxiàng ― research direction
研究 方法 ― yánjiū fāngfǎ ― research method
研究 成果 ― yánjiū chéngguǒ ― research findings
科學 研究 / 科学 研究 ― kēxué yánjiū ― scientific research
研究 對象 / 研究 对象 ― yánjiū duìxiàng ― research subject
研究 開發 / 研究 开发 ― yánjiū kāifā ― to research and develop; to do R &D
( transitive ) to deliberate ; to discuss ; to investigate
這個 問題 有待 研究 。 这个 问题 有待 研究 。 Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū . This problem requires discussion .
Synonyms
交涉 ( jiāoshè ) 傾 / 倾 ( king1 ) ( Cantonese, informal ) 協商 / 协商 ( xiéshāng ) 協議 / 协议 ( xiéyì ) 口語 / 口语 ( kǒuyǔ ) ( archaic ) 商榷 ( shāngquè ) ( chiefly in an academic context ) 商討 / 商讨 ( shāngtǎo ) 商談 / 商谈 ( shāngtán ) 商議 / 商议 ( shāngyì ) 商量 ( shāngliang ) 接接 ( Hokkien ) 接洽 ( jiēqià ) ( formal ) 插話 / 插话 ( Hokkien ) 會談 / 会谈 ( huìtán ) 槌摃鐵 / 槌𫼱铁 ( Hokkien ) 比接 ( Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien ) 洽商 ( qiàshāng ) 洽談 / 洽谈 ( qiàtán ) 申論 / 申论 ( shēnlùn ) 磋商 ( cuōshāng ) ( formal ) 磋議 / 磋议 ( cuōyì ) 磨合 ( móhé ) ( figurative ) 觸牙 / 触牙 ( Hokkien ) 言說 / 言说 ( yánshuō ) ( formal ) 言論 / 言论 ( yánlùn ) 言辭 / 言辞 ( yáncí ) ( literary ) 計謀 / 计谋 ( jìmóu ) ( literary ) 計議 / 计议 ( jìyì ) ( literary ) 計較 / 计较 討論 / 讨论 ( tǎolùn ) 評 / 评 ( píng ) ( literary, or in compounds ) 評論 / 评论 ( pínglùn ) 說 / 说 說合 / 说合 ( shuōhé ) 說道 / 说道 ( shuōdao ) ( colloquial ) 談判 / 谈判 ( tánpàn ) 談論 / 谈论 ( tánlùn ) 謀慮 / 谋虑 ( móulǜ ) ( literary ) 講論 / 讲论 ( jiǎnglùn ) 議 / 议 ( yì ) 議論 / 议论 ( yìlùn ) 錦議 / 锦议 ( Hokkien ) 闡論 / 阐论 ( chǎnlùn ) ( literary )
Noun
研究
( countable , uncountable ) research ; study ; investigation (Classifier : 項 / 项 m )
做 一 項 研究 / 做 一 项 研究 ― zuò yī xiàng yánjiū ― to conduct a research
可行性 研究 ― kěxíngxìng yánjiū ― feasibility study
Synonyms
( investigation ) : 調查 / 调查 (diàochá )
Derived terms
Descendants
See also
Japanese
Alternative spelling
硏究 ( kyūjitai )
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 研究 ( ngen *kiuH ? ) . Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu , Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu , Min Nan gián-kiù .
The original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen , more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken .
Pronunciation
Noun
研( けん ) 究( きゅう ) • (kenkyū )
a piece of research , a study , investigation
1928 , 寺田寅彦, 雑感:
間違( まちが ) える事( こと ) なしには研究( けんきゅう ) は進( すす ) められない。Machigaeru koto nashi ni wa kenkyū wa susumerarenai. Research cannot advance without mistakes along the way.
Derived terms
Verb
研( けん ) 究( きゅう ) する • (kenkyū suru ) suru (stem 研( けん ) 究( きゅう ) し ( kenkyū shi ) , past 研( けん ) 究( きゅう ) した ( kenkyū shita ) )
to research , to study
1931 , 宮本百合子, 五ヵ年計画とソヴェトの芸術:
これらの作品( さくひん ) が研究( けんきゅう ) された。 Korera no sakuhin ga kenkyū sareta. These works have been studied.
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")
研究し
けんきゅうし
kenkyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")
研究し
けんきゅうし
kenkyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")
研究する
けんきゅうする
kenkyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")
研究する
けんきゅうする
kenkyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")
研究すれ
けんきゅうすれ
kenkyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")
研究せよ¹ 研究しろ²
けんきゅうせよ¹ けんきゅうしろ²
kenkyū seyo¹ kenkyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive
研究される
けんきゅうされる
kenkyū sareru
Causative
研究させる 研究さす
けんきゅうさせる けんきゅうさす
kenkyū saseru kenkyū sasu
Potential
研究できる
けんきゅうできる
kenkyū dekiru
Volitional
研究しよう
けんきゅうしよう
kenkyū shiyō
Negative
研究しない
けんきゅうしない
kenkyū shinai
Negative continuative
研究せず
けんきゅうせず
kenkyū sezu
Formal
研究します
けんきゅうします
kenkyū shimasu
Perfective
研究した
けんきゅうした
kenkyū shita
Conjunctive
研究して
けんきゅうして
kenkyū shite
Hypothetical conditional
研究すれば
けんきゅうすれば
kenkyū sureba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
Shōgaku Tosho (1988 ) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō : Shogakukan , →ISBN
2002 , Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary , Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN .
Korean
Noun
研究 • (yeon'gu ) (hangeul 연구 )
alternative form of 硏究 ( “ research ” )
Vietnamese
Verb
研究
chữ Hán form of nghiên cứu ( “ to research ” )