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討論. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
討論, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
討論 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
討論 you have here. The definition of the word
討論 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
討論, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Chinese
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ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand ask for; send punitive expedition; to demand; to marry
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to talk (about); to discuss; theory to talk (about); to discuss; theory; by the; per; the Analects (of Confucius)
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trad. (討論)
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討
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論
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simp. (讨论)
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讨
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论
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Pronunciation
Rime
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Character
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討
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論
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論
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Reading #
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1/1
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2/3
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3/3
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Initial (聲)
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透 (6)
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來 (37)
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來 (37)
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Final (韻)
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豪 (89)
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魂 (55)
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魂 (55)
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Tone (調)
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Rising (X)
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Level (Ø)
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Departing (H)
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Openness (開合)
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Open
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Closed
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Closed
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Division (等)
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I
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I
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I
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Fanqie
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他浩切
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盧昆切
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盧困切
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Baxter
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thawX
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lwon
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lwonH
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Reconstructions
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Zhengzhang Shangfang
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/tʰɑuX/
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/luən/
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/luənH/
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Pan Wuyun
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/tʰɑuX/
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/luon/
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/luonH/
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Shao Rongfen
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/tʰɑuX/
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/luən/
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/luənH/
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Edwin Pulleyblank
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/tʰawX/
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/lwən/
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/lwənH/
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Li Rong
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/tʰɑuX/
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/luən/
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/luənH/
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Wang Li
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/tʰɑuX/
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/luən/
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/luənH/
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Bernhard Karlgren
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/tʰɑuX/
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/luən/
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/luənH/
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Expected Mandarin Reflex
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tǎo
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lún
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lùn
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Expected Cantonese Reflex
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tou2
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leon4
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leon6
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Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
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Character
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討
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論
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論
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Reading #
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1/1
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2/3
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3/3
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Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
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tǎo
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lún
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lùn
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Middle Chinese
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‹ thawX ›
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‹ lwon ›
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‹ lwonH ›
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Old Chinese
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/*ʰˁuʔ/
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/*ˁu/
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/*ˁu-s/
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English
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examine; denounce
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discuss, examine
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discussion, discourse
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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Zhengzhang system (2003)
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Character
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討
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論
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論
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Reading #
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1/1
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1/3
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2/3
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No.
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12374
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8649
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8656
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Phonetic component
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討
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侖
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侖
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Rime group
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幽
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文
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文
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Rime subdivision
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1
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2
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2
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Corresponding MC rime
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討
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論
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論
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Old Chinese
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/*tʰuːʔ/
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/*ruːn/
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/*ruːns/
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Notes
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疑肘聲
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|
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Verb
討論
- to discuss; to talk over
你可以參與他們的討論。 [MSC, trad.]
你可以参与他们的讨论。 [MSC, simp.]- Nǐ kěyǐ cānyù tāmen de tǎolùn.
- You can join in their discussion.
他們詳細討論了這件事,結果達成諒解。 [MSC, trad.]
他们详细讨论了这件事,结果达成谅解。 [MSC, simp.]- Tāmen xiángxì tǎolùn le zhè jiàn shì, jiéguǒ dáchéng liàngjiě.
- They discussed the matter in detail, and finally came to an understanding.
這個討論還是由你來主持。 [MSC, trad.]
这个讨论还是由你来主持。 [MSC, simp.]- Zhège tǎolùn háishì yóu nǐ lái zhǔchí.
- You had better host this discussion.
- (literary, of texts) to edit critically; to examine and rectify a text
子曰:「為命:裨諶草創之,世叔討論之,行人子羽修飾之,東里子產潤色之。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
子曰:「为命:裨谌草创之,世叔讨论之,行人子羽修饰之,东里子产润色之。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐyuē: “Wéi mìng: Píchén cǎochuàng zhī, Shìshū tǎolùn zhī, xíngrén Zǐyǔ xiūshì zhī, Dōnglǐ Zǐchǎn rùnsè zhī.”
- The Master said, "In preparing the governmental notifications, Pi Chen first made the rough draft; Shi Shu examined and discussed its contents; Zi Yu, the manager of foreign intercourse, then polished the style; and, finally, Zi Chan of Dong Li gave it the proper elegance and finish."
討論墳典,斷自唐虞以下訖於周。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
讨论坟典,断自唐虞以下讫于周。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- From: c. 4th century, "Pseudo-Kong Anguo" (偽孔安國), Preface to the Book of Documents (《尚書序》). English translation based on the text by James Legge (1879).
- Tǎolùn Fén Diǎn, duàn zì Tángyú yǐ xià qì yú Zhōu.
- examined and arranged the old literary monuments and records, deciding to commence with Tang and Yu, and to come down to the times of Zhou.
- (literary) to study; to investigate; to research
Synonyms
- 交涉 (jiāoshè)
- 傾 / 倾 (king1) (Cantonese, informal)
- 協商 / 协商 (xiéshāng)
- 協議 / 协议 (xiéyì)
- 口語 / 口语 (kǒuyǔ) (archaic)
- 商榷 (shāngquè) (chiefly in an academic context)
- 商討 / 商讨 (shāngtǎo)
- 商談 / 商谈 (shāngtán)
- 商議 / 商议 (shāngyì)
- 商量 (shāngliang)
- 接接 (Hokkien)
- 接洽 (jiēqià) (formal)
- 插話 / 插话 (Hokkien)
- 會談 / 会谈 (huìtán)
- 槌摃鐵 / 槌𫼱铁 (Hokkien)
- 比接 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 洽商 (qiàshāng)
- 洽談 / 洽谈 (qiàtán)
- 申論 / 申论 (shēnlùn)
- 研究 (yánjiū)
- 磋商 (cuōshāng) (formal)
- 磋議 / 磋议 (cuōyì)
- 磨合 (móhé) (figurative)
- 觸牙 / 触牙 (Hokkien)
- 言說 / 言说 (yánshuō) (formal)
- 言論 / 言论 (yánlùn)
- 言辭 / 言辞 (yáncí) (literary)
- 計謀 / 计谋 (jìmóu) (literary)
- 計議 / 计议 (jìyì) (literary)
- 計較 / 计较
- 評 / 评 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 評論 / 评论 (pínglùn)
- 說 / 说
- 說合 / 说合 (shuōhé)
- 說道 / 说道 (shuōdao) (colloquial)
- 談判 / 谈判 (tánpàn)
- 談論 / 谈论 (tánlùn)
- 謀慮 / 谋虑 (móulǜ) (literary)
- 議 / 议 (yì)
- 議論 / 议论 (yìlùn)
- 錦議 / 锦议 (Hokkien)
- 闡論 / 阐论 (chǎnlùn) (literary)
Derived terms
- 暢談/畅谈 (chàngtán)
- 聊天 (liáotiān)
Descendants
Japanese
Pronunciation
Noun
討論 • (tōron)
- debate
- discussion
Synonyms
Verb
討論する • (tōron suru) suru (stem 討論し (tōron shi), past 討論した (tōron shita))
- to debate
- to discuss
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
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Mizenkei ("imperfective")
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討論し
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とうろんし
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tōron shi
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Ren’yōkei ("continuative")
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討論し
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とうろんし
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tōron shi
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Shūshikei ("terminal")
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討論する
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とうろんする
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tōron suru
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Rentaikei ("attributive")
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討論する
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とうろんする
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tōron suru
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Kateikei ("hypothetical")
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討論すれ
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とうろんすれ
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tōron sure
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Meireikei ("imperative")
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討論せよ¹ 討論しろ²
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とうろんせよ¹ とうろんしろ²
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tōron seyo¹ tōron shiro²
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Key constructions
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Passive
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討論される
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とうろんされる
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tōron sareru
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Causative
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討論させる 討論さす
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とうろんさせる とうろんさす
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tōron saseru tōron sasu
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Potential
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討論できる
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とうろんできる
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tōron dekiru
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Volitional
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討論しよう
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とうろんしよう
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tōron shiyō
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Negative
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討論しない
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とうろんしない
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tōron shinai
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Negative continuative
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討論せず
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とうろんせず
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tōron sezu
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Formal
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討論します
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とうろんします
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tōron shimasu
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Perfective
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討論した
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とうろんした
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tōron shita
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Conjunctive
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討論して
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とうろんして
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tōron shite
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Hypothetical conditional
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討論すれば
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とうろんすれば
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tōron sureba
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¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
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Synonyms
References
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
Noun
討論 • (toron) (hangeul 토론)
- hanja form? of 토론 (“debate, controversy”)
Vietnamese
Verb
討論
- chữ Hán form of thảo luận (“to discuss”).