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1) Originally only in pronominal declension. 2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages. 3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kuš”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 670
Dybo, Anna Vladimirovna (2013). Этимологический словарь базисной лексики тюркских языков (in Russian), TOO - Prosper Print, pages 137-38.
Räsänen, Martti (1969) “kuš”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 305
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill