User:Victar/Reflexes/Proto-Balto-Slavic

Vowels

PIE			pre-PBS	PBS	PEB	PWB	pre-PSl.	PSl.	Examples
PIE			pre-PBS	PBS	PEB	PWB	pre-PSl.	PSl.	PIE	PBS	East Baltic	West Baltic	PSl.	Slavic
a	*a	*a	*a				*o		*dʰragʰyéh₂ (“dregs”)	*dragjāˀ	Lat. dradži, Lith. drãgės	OP dragios	*droždža	OCS droždiję (pl.)
	*a	*a	*ā^{[V 1]}											OCS
	*ā	*ā	*ā											OCS
e	*e	*e	*e						*déḱm̥tis (“tenth”)	*deśimtis	Lat. desmit, Lith. dẽšimt	OP dessempts	*dȅsętь	OCS desętĭ
			*a^{[V 2]}				*o		*néwos (“new”)	*nawas			*novъ	OCS novŭ
			*ē^{[V 1]}	*ē			*ǣ	*ě	*séh₁yeti (“to sow”)	*sḗˀtei	Lat. sẽt, Lith. sė́ti		*sě̀ti	OCS sěti
			*ē^{[V 3]}	*ē			*ǣ	*ě	*sedéh₁yeti (“to sit”)	*sēdētei	Lat. sēdēt, Lith. sėdėti		*sědě̀ti	OCS sěděti
		*a^{[V 4]}	*a				*o		*h₂eḱsis (“axle”)	*aśís	Lat. ass, Lith. ašìs	OP assis	*ȍsь	OES osĭ
			*ā^{[V 1]}	*ā			*ā	*a	*bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”)	*brā́ˀtē	Lat. brãlis, Lith. brólis	OP brōtē	*bràtrъ	OCS bratrŭ
			*ā^{[V 3]}	*ā			*ā	*a	*h₂ébōl (“apple”)	*āˀbōl	Lat. âbols, Lith. obuolỹs	OP woble	*àblo	OCS
		*o^{[V 4]}	*a^{[V 5]}				*o		*h₃ekʷ- (“eye”)	*ak-	Lat. acs, Lith. akìs	OP ackis	*ȍko	OCS oko
		*o^{[V 4]}	*ō^{[V 3]}				*ā^{[V 6]}	*a	*h₃édeti (“to smell”)	*ṓˀstei	Lat. ôst, Lith. úosti		*adati	OCS
	*ē	*ē	*ē				*ǣ	*ě	*h₁ḗdti (“to eat”)	*ḗˀstei	Lat. êst, Lith. ė́sti	OP istwei	*ě̀sti	OCS jasti
		*ā^{[V 4]}					*a							OCS
		*ō^{[V 4]}					*a							OCS
i	*i	*i	*i				*ь		*wisu (“all”)	*wišos	Lat. viss, Lith. vìsas	OP wissa	*vьśь	OCS
	*i	*i	*ī^{[V 1]}				*ī	*i^{[V 7]}	*gʷih₃wós (“alive”)	*gīˀwás	Lat. dzîvs, Lith. gývas	OP geiwans	*žȋvъ	OCS
	*ī	*ī					*i							OCS
o	*o	*o	*a^{[V 5]}				*o		*nókʷts (“night”)	*naktís	Lat. nakts, Lith. naktìs	OP naktin (acc.sg.)	*nȏťь	OCS
o	*ō	*ō					*a							OCS
u	*u	*u	*u				*ъ		*bʰluseh₂ (“flea”)	*blúšāˀ	Lat. blusa, Lith. blusà		*blъxà	OCS
			*ū^{[V 1]}				*y		*dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)	*dū́ˀmas	Lat. dūmi (pl.), Lith. dū́mas	OP dūmis	*dỳmъ	OCS
			*ū^{[V 1]}				*y		*suHnús (“son”)	*sū́ˀnus	Lat. , Lith. sūnùs	OP soūns	*sy̑nъ	OCS
	*ū	*ū					*y							OCS

Diphthongs and laryngeal vowel clusters

PIE			pre-PBS	PBS	PEB	PWB	pre-PSl.			PSl.	Examples
PIE			pre-PBS	PBS	PEB	PWB	I	II	II	PSl.	PIE	PBS	East Baltic	West Baltic	PSl.	Slavic
e(H)y	*ey	*ey	*ei	*ei	*ẹ̄	ẽi > ē	*ei	*ī^{[V 8]}		*i	*ǵʰeyméh₂ (“winter”)	*źeimā́ˀ	Lat. zìema, Latg. zīma, Lith. žiemà, Sam. žėima	OP sēmō	*zimà	OCS
		*ay^{[V 4]}	*ai	*ai			*ai	*ē^{[V 8]}	*ǣ	*ě	*h₂eyḱsmos (“spit”)	*aiśmas	Lat. ìesms, Lith. iẽšmas	OP aysmis		OCS
		*oy^{[V 4]}	*ai^{[V 5]}	*ai			*ai	*ē^{[V 8]}	*ǣ	*ě	*h₃eystreh₂	*aiśtrā́ˀ	Lat. , Lith. aistrà	OP		OCS
	ēy, eHy	ēy, eh₁y	*ēi				*ei	*ī^{[V 8]}		*i	*sleh₁inos (“saliva”)	*sleiˀnas	Lat. sliẽnas		*slìna	OCS slina
		āy, ah₂y^{[V 4]}	*āi				*ai	*ē^{[V 8]}	*ǣ	*ě	*deh₂iweris (“husband's brother”)	*daiˀwē	Lat. diẽveris, Lith. díeveris		*dě̀verь
		ōy, oh₃y^{[V 4]}	*ōi								*(s)peh₃ineh₂ (“foam”)	*spóiˀnāˀ	Lith. spáinė	OP spoayno	*pě̀na	OCS pěna
o(H)y	*oy	*oy	*ai^{[V 5]}	*ai	*ai	*ā					*moysós (“bag”)	*maišás	Lat. màiss, Lith. maĩšas	OP moasis	*mě̑xъ	OCS
	*oy	*oy	*ai^{[V 5]}	*ái	*ẹ̄	*ai					*snóygʷʰos (“snow”)	*snáigas	Lat. snìegs, Lith. sniẽgas	OP snaygis	*sně̑gъ	OCS
	ōy, oHy	ōy, oHy	*ōi										Lat. , Lith.	OP		OCS
ew	*ew	*ew	*eu		*jau	*u	*eu	*ju			*h₁léwdʰis (“people”)	*leudis	Lat. ļàudis, Lith. liáudis	OP ludis	*ľȗdьje	OCS ljudije
		*aw^{[V 4]}	*au				*au	*ō^{[V 8]}	*ū	*u	*h₂ew (“away”)	*au	Lat. au, Lith. au	OP au	*u	OCS
		*ow^{[V 4]}					*au	*ō^{[V 8]}	*ū	*u			Lat. , Lith.	OP		OCS
	*ēw	*ēw	*ēu				*eu	*ju					Lat. , Lith.	OP		OCS
		*āw^{[V 4]}					*au	*ō^{[V 8]}	*ū	*u	*seh₂ul- (“sun”)	*sauˀl-	Lat. saũle, Lith. sáulė	OP saule	*sъlnьce	OCS slŭnĭce
		*ōw^{[V 4]}									*pléh₃uti	*plouˀtei	Lat. , Lith. pláuti	OP	*pluti	OCS
ow	*ow	*ow	*au^{[V 5]}								*h₁yów (“already”)	*jau	Lat. jàu, Lith. jaũ	OP iau	*ju	OCS (j)uže
ow	*ōw	*ōw											Lat. , Lith.	OP		OCS

Notes

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 *V > V̄ / _∅ < H]_σ^[1]
^ *e > *a / _wV
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 V > V̄ / D]_σ (Winter's law)
↑ ^4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 ^4.10 ^4.11 *e > *a / ${\begin{Bmatrix}\_h_{2}\\h_{2}\_\end{Bmatrix}}$ , *e > *o / ${\begin{Bmatrix}\_h_{3}\\h_{3}\_\end{Bmatrix}}$ (PIE laryngeal vowel coloring)
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ${\begin{Bmatrix}a\\o\end{Bmatrix}}$ > *a (PBS o/a-merger^[2])
^ ${\begin{Bmatrix}{\bar {a}}\\{\bar {o}}\end{Bmatrix}}$ > *ā (PSl. ā/ō-merger^[2])
^ *V̄ > V
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ${\begin{Bmatrix}ai\\au\\ei\end{Bmatrix}}$ > ${\begin{Bmatrix}{\bar {e}}\\{\bar {o}}\\{\bar {i}}\end{Bmatrix}}$ (PSl. monophthongization)

References

^ Smoczyński 2003
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors ((Can we date this quote?)), Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN

[VH-2] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 *V > V̄ / _∅ < H]_σ^[1]

[ewV-3] *e > *a / _wV

[Winters-4] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 V > V̄ / D]_σ (Winter's law)

[PIE_coloring-5] 4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 ^4.10 ^4.11 *e > *a / ${\begin{Bmatrix}\_h_{2}\\h_{2}\_\end{Bmatrix}}$ , *e > *o / ${\begin{Bmatrix}\_h_{3}\\h_{3}\_\end{Bmatrix}}$ (PIE laryngeal vowel coloring)

[oamerger-7] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ${\begin{Bmatrix}a\\o\end{Bmatrix}}$ > *a (PBS o/a-merger^[2])

[āōmerger-8] ${\begin{Bmatrix}{\bar {a}}\\{\bar {o}}\end{Bmatrix}}$ > *ā (PSl. ā/ō-merger^[2])

[V2V̄-9] *V̄ > V

[monophthongization-10] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 ${\begin{Bmatrix}ai\\au\\ei\end{Bmatrix}}$ > ${\begin{Bmatrix}{\bar {e}}\\{\bar {o}}\\{\bar {i}}\end{Bmatrix}}$ (PSl. monophthongization)

[1] Smoczyński 2003

[HCHIEL-6] 2.0 ^2.1 Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors ((Can we date this quote?)), Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN

[V 1]

[V 2]

[V 3]

[V 4]

[V 5]

[V 6]

[V 7]

[V 8]

[1]

[2]

User:Victar/Reflexes/Proto-Balto-Slavic

Vowels

Diphthongs and laryngeal vowel clusters

Notes

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia