kerana

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English

Alternative forms

Noun

kerana (plural keranas)

  1. (music) A long Persian trumpet.

Estonian

Noun

kerana

  1. essive singular of kera

Javanese

Romanization

kerana

  1. Romanization of ꦏꦼꦫꦤ

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause; reason”) (compare Indonesian karena). Doublet of kerani.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

kerana (Jawi spelling کران)

  1. because
    Synonyms: akibat, lantaran, disebabkan, oleh sebab, sebab
    • 2000, “Keranamu Malaysia”, Siso Kopratasa (Syed Indera Syed Omar) (lyrics), Pak Ngah (Suhaimi Mohd Zain) (music):
      Keranamu kami bebas merdeka,
      Keranamu nyawa dipertaruhkan,
      Keranamu rela kami berjuang,
      Demi bangsa kedaulatan negara.
      Because of you we are free and independent,
      Because of you lives were at stake,
      Because of you we are willing to fight,
      For our nation and sovereignty.

Usage notes

  • kerana is usually used in the middle of a sentence and not at the beginning of a sentence.

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Further reading

Swahili

Verb

-kerana (infinitive kukerana)

  1. Reciprocal form of -kera

Conjugation

Conjugation of -kerana
Positive present -nakerana
Subjunctive -kerane
Negative -kerani
Imperative singular kerana
Infinitives
Positive kukerana
Negative kutokerana
Imperatives
Singular kerana
Plural keraneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukerana
Positive past positive subject concord + -likerana
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukerana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakerana)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakerana/nakerana tunakerana
2nd person unakerana mnakerana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakerana wanakerana
other classes positive subject concord + -nakerana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kerani)
Singular Plural
1st person sikerani hatukerani
2nd person hukerani hamkerani
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakerani hawakerani
other classes negative subject concord + -kerani
Positive future positive subject concord + -takerana
Negative future negative subject concord + -takerana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kerane)
Singular Plural
1st person nikerane tukerane
2nd person ukerane mkerane
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akerane wakerane
other classes positive subject concord + -kerane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikerane
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekerana
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekerana
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikerana
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikerana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akerana)
Singular Plural
1st person nakerana twakerana
2nd person wakerana mwakerana
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akerana wakerana
m-mi(III/IV) wakerana yakerana
ji-ma(V/VI) lakerana yakerana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakerana vyakerana
n(IX/X) yakerana zakerana
u(XI) wakerana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakerana
pa(XVI) pakerana
mu(XVIII) mwakerana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekerana
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakerana
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakerana
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikerana
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokerana
Consecutive kakerana / positive subject concord + -kakerana
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakerane
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nikerana -tukerana
2nd person -kukerana -wakerana/-kukeraneni/-wakeraneni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkerana -wakerana
m-mi(III/IV) -ukerana -ikerana
ji-ma(V/VI) -likerana -yakerana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikerana -vikerana
n(IX/X) -ikerana -zikerana
u(XI) -ukerana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kukerana
pa(XVI) -pakerana
mu(XVIII) -mukerana
Reflexive -jikerana
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kerana- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -keranaye -keranao
m-mi(III/IV) -keranao -keranayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -keranalo -keranayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -keranacho -keranavyo
n(IX/X) -keranayo -keranazo
u(XI) -keranao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -keranako
pa(XVI) -keranapo
mu(XVIII) -keranamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kerana)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekerana -okerana
m-mi(III/IV) -okerana -yokerana
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokerana -yokerana
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokerana -vyokerana
n(IX/X) -yokerana -zokerana
u(XI) -okerana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokerana
pa(XVI) -pokerana
mu(XVIII) -mokerana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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