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Hokkien

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“which; what; any; etc.”).
(This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of ).

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse .

Pronunciation

Verb

  1. (transitive, with dative) to reach (a place)
  2. (transitive, with dative) to get, catch, apprehend (a physical object)
  3. (transitive, with dative) to reach, attain (a goal)
    Ég mun heimsyfirráðum!
    I will attain world domination!

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

Anagrams

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish (don't, prohibitive particle).

Particle

  1. don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
    déan sin.
    Don’t do that.
    habair é.
    Don’t mention it.
  2. may...not (particle used with raibh, the present subjunctive of , to introduce a negative wish)
    Dealbh raibh tú.
    May you never be destitute.
  3. (Munster) Alternative form of nach (not) (in questions; triggers h-prothesis; used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)
    fuil ocras ort?
    Are you not hungry?
    Chonac í, facas?
    I saw her, didn’t I?

Conjunction

(triggers h-prothesis, used with the dependent form of an irregular verb if there is one)

  1. (Munster) Alternative form of nach (that...not)
    Dúirt sé raibh carr aige.
    He said that he didn’t have a car.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish (nor)

Conjunction

  1. nor
    Níl deartháir deirfiúr agam.
    I have neither brother nor sister.
  2. used between two identical or similar words to intensify a negative
    Ní fhaca sí solas solas.
    She saw no light whatsoever.
    (literally, “She didn’t see light or light).”)

Etymology 3

From Old Irish indás (than (it) is).

Alternative forms

Conjunction

(triggers h-prothesis)

  1. than
    Is airde Máire Peadar.
    Mary is taller than Peter.
  2. but (used rhetorically in direct and indirect questions)
    Cé a bhí ina shuí ann m’athair féin?
    Who was sitting there but my own father?
  3. used to connect a predicate noun to its subject in a cleft sentence introduced by a copular form
    Is é a dúirt sé gur dhíol sé a ríomhaire lena chara.
    What he said was that he sold his computer to his friend.
    • 1907, Peadar Ua Laoghaire, Séadna, page 6:
      Bhí fear ann fad ó agus isé ainim a bhí air ’ná Séadna.
      Once upon a time there was a man and the name that he had was Séadna.
Derived terms

Further reading

Lashi

Etymology

Related to nang.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

  1. thy, your (singular)

Synonyms

References

  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Mandarin

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Romanization

(na2, Zhuyin ㄋㄚˊ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
  2. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
  3. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
  4. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
  5. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
  6. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𰵵
  7. Hanyu Pinyin reading of
  8. Hanyu Pinyin reading of

Postposition

  1. for you, for your sake
  2. in your favor
    yáʼátʼééhit is good for you
    áshłééhI’m making it for you

Inflection

Northern Sami

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈnaː/

Adverb

  1. so, thus, in this way

Further reading

  • Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages, Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Old Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Uncertain. According to Matasović originally short /na/, from Proto-Celtic *ne, from Proto-Indo-European *ne (not).[1] According to Dunkel from Proto-Celtic *nā, from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁, from *ne + adverbial suffix *-h₁. In Old Irish the expected outcome would be *nú in a final syllable. The variant with á would adopted from originally disyllabic forms like nád (relative) and nách (before infixed pronoun).[2]

Particle

(triggers /h/-prothesis)

  1. don’t, letnot (particle used to introduce a negative imperative)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22b26
      bíth i cobadlus doïb, ar atá torad la gnímu soilse .i. praemia aeterna ní ḟil immurgu acht infructuosa.
      Do not be in fellowship with them, for there is fruit with works of light, i.e. praemia aeterna. There is nothing , however, save infructuosa.
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 25c6
      Hóre ammi maicc laí et soilse, seichem nahísiu.
      Since we are children of day and light, let us not follow these things.
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 55a1
      déne ainmnit.
      Do not show patience.
      (literally, “Do not do patience.”)
Alternative forms
Descendants
  • Middle Irish:

Further reading

Etymology 2

Maybe from Proto-Celtic *nāwe (or not), from Proto-Indo-European *nó-h₁ (not) + *-we (or). Compare (or).

Conjunction

(triggers /h/-prothesis)

  1. (chiefly in the negative) or, nor
Quotations
  • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 49d3
    .i. ní frithalim-se rucai mmebuil dam hisa suithin, ma fris·accar hi t’ainm-siu, a Dǽ
    i.e. I expect neither shame nor disgrace to me for ever, if I hope in Your name, O God.
Alternative forms
Descendants

Further reading

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ne, *ni, *nī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 286
  2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “2.*nó-h₁ ‘nicht’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 531

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nēhwāną, related to (or derived from) Proto-Germanic *nēhwaz (near). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂neḱ- (to reach).

Verb

(singular past indicative náði, plural past indicative náðu, past participle nát)

  1. (transitive, with dative) to get hold of, reach, overtake
  2. to get, obtain
  3. (with infinitive) to be able to, to be allowed to

Conjugation

Descendants

  • Icelandic:
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål:
    • Norwegian Nynorsk:
  • Swedish:
  • Danish:

References

  • in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Portuguese

Interjection

  1. Eye dialect spelling of não.

Skou

Particle

  1. polar interrogative particle
    Móe ing a mè mangmang me pi ?
    Do you want to eat fish?

References

  • Donohue, Mark. A Grammar of the Skou Language of New Guinea (2004).

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈna/
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Syllabification:

Pronoun

  1. (informal) Apocopic form of nada
    no pasa nothing happens

Tày

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adverb

  1. not (negates meaning of verb)
    chinnot eat
    chắcnot know
    slon lụ study or not

Etymology 2

Adjective

  1. brassy; obstinate
    dú rườn hâuto stay at their house

Verb

  1. to be blocked
    Slủng đạn.
    The gun was clogged.

References

  • Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
  • Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎ (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *s-naːʔ (crossbow), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ (crossbow). Cognate with Thavung ซะน่า, Khmer ស្នា (snaa), Koho söna. Doublet of nỏ.

Pain (2020) tentatively considered this to be a Chinese loan, from (OC *C.nˤaʔ) (B-S) (SV: nỗ), into Austroasiatic and Tai languages, likely through proto-Vietic.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

(classifier cái, chiếc) (, 𫸶, , 󲈦, )

  1. (dialectal) Synonym of nỏ (crossbow)
  2. slingshot

References

Anagrams