tawala

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Lindu

Noun

tawala

  1. spear

Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَوَلَّى (tawallā).

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Verb

-tawala (infinitive kutawala)

  1. to rule, to reign
    Synonyms: -miliki, -tamalaki

Conjugation

Conjugation of -tawala
Positive present -natawala
Subjunctive -tawale
Negative -tawali
Imperative singular tawala
Infinitives
Positive kutawala
Negative kutotawala
Imperatives
Singular tawala
Plural tawaleni
Tensed forms
Habitual hutawala
Positive past positive subject concord + -litawala
Negative past negative subject concord + -kutawala
Positive present (positive subject concord + -natawala)
Singular Plural
1st person ninatawala/natawala tunatawala
2nd person unatawala mnatawala
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatawala wanatawala
other classes positive subject concord + -natawala
Negative present (negative subject concord + -tawali)
Singular Plural
1st person sitawali hatutawali
2nd person hutawali hamtawali
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatawali hawatawali
other classes negative subject concord + -tawali
Positive future positive subject concord + -tatawala
Negative future negative subject concord + -tatawala
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tawale)
Singular Plural
1st person nitawale tutawale
2nd person utawale mtawale
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atawale watawale
other classes positive subject concord + -tawale
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sitawale
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetawala
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetawala
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitawala
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitawala
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atawala)
Singular Plural
1st person natawala twatawala
2nd person watawala mwatawala
3rd person m-wa(I/II) atawala watawala
m-mi(III/IV) watawala yatawala
ji-ma(V/VI) latawala yatawala
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatawala vyatawala
n(IX/X) yatawala zatawala
u(XI) watawala see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwatawala
pa(XVI) patawala
mu(XVIII) mwatawala
Perfect positive subject concord + -metawala
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshatawala
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatawala
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kitawala
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipotawala
Consecutive katawala / positive subject concord + -katawala
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katawale
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nitawala -tutawala
2nd person -kutawala -watawala/-kutawaleni/-watawaleni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtawala -watawala
m-mi(III/IV) -utawala -itawala
ji-ma(V/VI) -litawala -yatawala
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitawala -vitawala
n(IX/X) -itawala -zitawala
u(XI) -utawala see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kutawala
pa(XVI) -patawala
mu(XVIII) -mutawala
Reflexive -jitawala
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tawala- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -tawalaye -tawalao
m-mi(III/IV) -tawalao -tawalayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -tawalalo -tawalayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tawalacho -tawalavyo
n(IX/X) -tawalayo -tawalazo
u(XI) -tawalao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -tawalako
pa(XVI) -tawalapo
mu(XVIII) -tawalamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tawala)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yetawala -otawala
m-mi(III/IV) -otawala -yotawala
ji-ma(V/VI) -lotawala -yotawala
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotawala -vyotawala
n(IX/X) -yotawala -zotawala
u(XI) -otawala see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kotawala
pa(XVI) -potawala
mu(XVIII) -motawala
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

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