tukana

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Estonian

Noun

tukana

  1. essive singular of tukk

Nheengatu

Etymology

Inherited from Old Tupi tukana, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn, although the broader use, including other toucan species and the Tucano people, is a semantic loan from Portuguese tucano. Doublet of tukanu.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /tuˈka.na/,
  • Rhymes: -ana
  • Hyphenation: tu‧ka‧na

Adjective

tukana

  1. (relational) Tucano

Noun

tukana (plural tukana-itá)

  1. toucan (any bird from the family Ramphastidae)
  2. Tucano people
  3. Tucano language

Derived terms

References

  • Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “tukana”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português [Nheengatu–Portuguese dictionary proposal] (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 765

Old Tupi

tukana (Ramphastos toco)

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *tũkãn, from Proto-Tupian *jɨokãn.

    Cognate with Kamayurá tukan, Mbyá Guaraní and Wayampi tukã.

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    tukana (unpossessable)

    1. toco toucan (Ramphastos toco)
      Synonym: tukanusu

    Descendants

    Descendants
    • Nheengatu: tukana
    • → French: toucan m
    • → New Latin: tucana (learned)
    • → Portuguese: tucano m

    References

    Swahili

    Etymology

    rom Proto-Bantu .

    Pronunciation

    • Audio (Kenya):(file)

    Verb

    -tukana (infinitive kutukana)

    1. to abuse, insult

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of -tukana
    Positive present -natukana
    Subjunctive -tukane
    Negative -tukani
    Imperative singular tukana
    Infinitives
    Positive kutukana
    Negative kutotukana
    Imperatives
    Singular tukana
    Plural tukaneni
    Tensed forms
    Habitual hutukana
    Positive past positive subject concord + -litukana
    Negative past negative subject concord + -kutukana
    Positive present (positive subject concord + -natukana)
    Singular Plural
    1st person ninatukana/natukana tunatukana
    2nd person unatukana mnatukana
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) anatukana wanatukana
    other classes positive subject concord + -natukana
    Negative present (negative subject concord + -tukani)
    Singular Plural
    1st person situkani hatutukani
    2nd person hutukani hamtukani
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) hatukani hawatukani
    other classes negative subject concord + -tukani
    Positive future positive subject concord + -tatukana
    Negative future negative subject concord + -tatukana
    Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -tukane)
    Singular Plural
    1st person nitukane tutukane
    2nd person utukane mtukane
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) atukane watukane
    other classes positive subject concord + -tukane
    Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -situkane
    Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngetukana
    Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singetukana
    Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalitukana
    Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalitukana
    Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atukana)
    Singular Plural
    1st person natukana twatukana
    2nd person watukana mwatukana
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) atukana watukana
    m-mi(III/IV) watukana yatukana
    ji-ma(V/VI) latukana yatukana
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) chatukana vyatukana
    n(IX/X) yatukana zatukana
    u(XI) watukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) kwatukana
    pa(XVI) patukana
    mu(XVIII) mwatukana
    Perfect positive subject concord + -metukana
    "Already" positive subject concord + -meshatukana
    "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jatukana
    "If/When" positive subject concord + -kitukana
    "If not" positive subject concord + -sipotukana
    Consecutive katukana / positive subject concord + -katukana
    Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -katukane
    Object concord (indicative positive)
    Singular Plural
    1st person -nitukana -tutukana
    2nd person -kutukana -watukana/-kutukaneni/-watukaneni
    3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mtukana -watukana
    m-mi(III/IV) -utukana -itukana
    ji-ma(V/VI) -litukana -yatukana
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kitukana -vitukana
    n(IX/X) -itukana -zitukana
    u(XI) -utukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kutukana
    pa(XVI) -patukana
    mu(XVIII) -mutukana
    Reflexive -jitukana
    Relative forms
    General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -tukana- + relative marker)
    Singular Plural
    m-wa(I/II) -tukanaye -tukanao
    m-mi(III/IV) -tukanao -tukanayo
    ji-ma(V/VI) -tukanalo -tukanayo
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -tukanacho -tukanavyo
    n(IX/X) -tukanayo -tukanazo
    u(XI) -tukanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -tukanako
    pa(XVI) -tukanapo
    mu(XVIII) -tukanamo
    Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -tukana)
    Singular Plural
    m-wa(I/II) -yetukana -otukana
    m-mi(III/IV) -otukana -yotukana
    ji-ma(V/VI) -lotukana -yotukana
    ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chotukana -vyotukana
    n(IX/X) -yotukana -zotukana
    u(XI) -otukana see n(X) or ma(VI) class
    ku(XV/XVII) -kotukana
    pa(XVI) -potukana
    mu(XVIII) -motukana
    Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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