ظل

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See also: طل

Arabic

Root
ظ ل ل (ẓ l l)
4 terms

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *ṯ̣ill- (“shadow”). Cognate with Akkadian 𒄑𒈪 (ṣillum), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎍 (ẓl) and Biblical Hebrew צל (ṣel).

Noun

ظِلّ • (ẓill) m (plural ظِلَال (ẓilāl) or ظُلُول (ẓulūl) or أَظْلَال (ʔaẓlāl))

  1. shadow, shade
  2. reflection
  3. shady garden
  4. paradise
  5. protection, help, assistance
  6. dark cloud
  7. darkness
  8. night
  9. phantom, specter
  10. cover, lid, scabbard
  11. shape, figure, person
  12. the Sultan (as shadow of God on Earth)
  13. greatness, sublimity, distinction, eminence, rareness
  14. power, night
  15. colors of the day, shades of color, bloom of youth
  16. heat of summer
  17. fringe, hairy side of a cloth
  18. hue
  19. trace
  20. (mathematics, trigonometry) tangent (symbol: ظا, ظل)
Declension
Declension of noun ظِلّ (ẓill)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal ظِلّ
ẓill 		الظِّلّ
aẓ-ẓill 		ظِلّ
ẓill
Nominative ظِلٌّ
ẓillun 		الظِّلُّ
aẓ-ẓillu 		ظِلُّ
ẓillu
Accusative ظِلًّا
ẓillan 		الظِّلَّ
aẓ-ẓilla 		ظِلَّ
ẓilla
Genitive ظِلٍّ
ẓillin 		الظِّلِّ
aẓ-ẓilli 		ظِلِّ
ẓilli
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal ظِلَّيْن
ẓillayn 		الظِّلَّيْن
aẓ-ẓillayn 		ظِلَّيْ
ẓillay
Nominative ظِلَّانِ
ẓillāni 		الظِّلَّانِ
aẓ-ẓillāni 		ظِلَّا
ẓillā
Accusative ظِلَّيْنِ
ẓillayni 		الظِّلَّيْنِ
aẓ-ẓillayni 		ظِلَّيْ
ẓillay
Genitive ظِلَّيْنِ
ẓillayni 		الظِّلَّيْنِ
aẓ-ẓillayni 		ظِلَّيْ
ẓillay
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal ظِلَال‎; ظُلُول‎; أَظْلَال
ẓilāl‎; ẓulūl‎; ʔaẓlāl 		الظِّلَال‎; الظُّلُول‎; الْأَظْلَال
aẓ-ẓilāl‎; aẓ-ẓulūl‎; al-ʔaẓlāl 		ظِلَال‎; ظُلُول‎; أَظْلَال
ẓilāl‎; ẓulūl‎; ʔaẓlāl
Nominative ظِلَالٌ‎; ظُلُولٌ‎; أَظْلَالٌ
ẓilālun‎; ẓulūlun‎; ʔaẓlālun 		الظِّلَالُ‎; الظُّلُولُ‎; الْأَظْلَالُ
aẓ-ẓilālu‎; aẓ-ẓulūlu‎; al-ʔaẓlālu 		ظِلَالُ‎; ظُلُولُ‎; أَظْلَالُ
ẓilālu‎; ẓulūlu‎; ʔaẓlālu
Accusative ظِلَالًا‎; ظُلُولًا‎; أَظْلَالًا
ẓilālan‎; ẓulūlan‎; ʔaẓlālan 		الظِّلَالَ‎; الظُّلُولَ‎; الْأَظْلَالَ
aẓ-ẓilāla‎; aẓ-ẓulūla‎; al-ʔaẓlāla 		ظِلَالَ‎; ظُلُولَ‎; أَظْلَالَ
ẓilāla‎; ẓulūla‎; ʔaẓlāla
Genitive ظِلَالٍ‎; ظُلُولٍ‎; أَظْلَالٍ
ẓilālin‎; ẓulūlin‎; ʔaẓlālin 		الظِّلَالِ‎; الظُّلُولِ‎; الْأَظْلَالِ
aẓ-ẓilāli‎; aẓ-ẓulūli‎; al-ʔaẓlāli 		ظِلَالِ‎; ظُلُولِ‎; أَظْلَالِ
ẓilāli‎; ẓulūli‎; ʔaẓlāli
See also

References

  • Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “ظل”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen
  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “ظل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Etymology 2

Verb

ظَلَّ • (ẓalla) I (first-person singular past ظَلِلْتُ (ẓaliltu), non-past يَظَلُّ (yaẓallu), verbal noun ظَلّ (ẓall) or ظُلُول (ẓulūl))

  1. (copulative) to remain, to persist, to maintain
    ظَلَّ صَامِتًا
    ẓalla ṣāmitan
    He remained silent.
    ظَلَّ عَلَى مَوْقِفِهِ
    ẓalla ʕalā mawqifihi
    He maintained his point of view.
  2. to keep doing, to do constantly, to persist in, to remain
    يَظَلُّ يَتْبَعُهَا
    yaẓallu yatbaʕuhā
    He keeps following her.
    ظَلُّوا جَالِسِينَ
    ẓallū jālisīna
    They remained sitting.
Conjugation
    Conjugation of ظَلَّ (I, geminate, i ~ a, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns ظَلّ, ظُلُول)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر 		ظَلّ, ظُلُول
ẓall, ẓulūl
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل 		ظَالّ
ẓāll
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول 		مَظْلُول
maẓlūl
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m ظَلِلْتُ
ẓaliltu 		ظَلِلْتَ
ẓalilta 		ظَلَّ
ẓalla 		ظَلِلْتُمَا
ẓaliltumā 		ظَلَّا
ẓallā 		ظَلِلْنَا
ẓalilnā 		ظَلِلْتُمْ
ẓaliltum 		ظَلُّوا
ẓallū
f ظَلِلْتِ
ẓalilti 		ظَلَّتْ
ẓallat 		ظَلَّتَا
ẓallatā 		ظَلِلْتُنَّ
ẓaliltunna 		ظَلِلْنَ
ẓalilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أَظَلُّ
ʔaẓallu 		تَظَلُّ
taẓallu 		يَظَلُّ
yaẓallu 		تَظَلَّانِ
taẓallāni 		يَظَلَّانِ
yaẓallāni 		نَظَلُّ
naẓallu 		تَظَلُّونَ
taẓallūna 		يَظَلُّونَ
yaẓallūna
f تَظَلِّينَ
taẓallīna 		تَظَلُّ
taẓallu 		تَظَلَّانِ
taẓallāni 		تَظْلَلْنَ
taẓlalna 		يَظْلَلْنَ
yaẓlalna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أَظَلَّ
ʔaẓalla 		تَظَلَّ
taẓalla 		يَظَلَّ
yaẓalla 		تَظَلَّا
taẓallā 		يَظَلَّا
yaẓallā 		نَظَلَّ
naẓalla 		تَظَلُّوا
taẓallū 		يَظَلُّوا
yaẓallū
f تَظَلِّي
taẓallī 		تَظَلَّ
taẓalla 		تَظَلَّا
taẓallā 		تَظْلَلْنَ
taẓlalna 		يَظْلَلْنَ
yaẓlalna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أَظَلَّ, أَظَلِّ, أَظْلَلْ
ʔaẓalla, ʔaẓalli, ʔaẓlal 		تَظَلَّ, تَظَلِّ, تَظْلَلْ
taẓalla, taẓalli, taẓlal 		يَظَلَّ, يَظَلِّ, يَظْلَلْ
yaẓalla, yaẓalli, yaẓlal 		تَظَلَّا
taẓallā 		يَظَلَّا
yaẓallā 		نَظَلَّ, نَظَلِّ, نَظْلَلْ
naẓalla, naẓalli, naẓlal 		تَظَلُّوا
taẓallū 		يَظَلُّوا
yaẓallū
f تَظَلِّي
taẓallī 		تَظَلَّ, تَظَلِّ, تَظْلَلْ
taẓalla, taẓalli, taẓlal 		تَظَلَّا
taẓallā 		تَظْلَلْنَ
taẓlalna 		يَظْلَلْنَ
yaẓlalna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m ظَلَّ, ظَلِّ, اِظْلَلْ
ẓalla, ẓalli, iẓlal 		ظَلَّا
ẓallā 		ظَلُّوا
ẓallū
f ظَلِّي
ẓallī 		اِظْلَلْنَ
iẓlalna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m — — ظُلَّ
ẓulla 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m — — يُظَلُّ
yuẓallu 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m — — يُظَلَّ
yuẓalla 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m — — يُظَلَّ, يُظَلِّ, يُظْلَلْ
yuẓalla, yuẓalli, yuẓlal 		— — — — —
f — — — — —
Synonyms

Etymology 3

Noun

ظَلّ • (ẓall) m

  1. verbal noun of ظَلَّ (ẓalla) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun ظَلّ (ẓall)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal ظَلّ
ẓall 		الظَّلّ
aẓ-ẓall 		ظَلّ
ẓall
Nominative ظَلٌّ
ẓallun 		الظَّلُّ
aẓ-ẓallu 		ظَلُّ
ẓallu
Accusative ظَلًّا
ẓallan 		الظَّلَّ
aẓ-ẓalla 		ظَلَّ
ẓalla
Genitive ظَلٍّ
ẓallin 		الظَّلِّ
aẓ-ẓalli 		ظَلِّ
ẓalli

Gulf Arabic

Etymology 1

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

Noun

ظل • (ḏ̣iḷḷ) m (plural ظلال (ḏ̣ḷāḷ))

  1. shadow
  2. shade

Etymology 2

From Arabic ظَلَّ (ẓalla).

Pronunciation

Verb

ظل • (ḏ̣aḷḷ) (non-past يظل (yḏ̣iḷḷ))

  1. to stay, to remain
    Synonym: بقى (buga)
    Antonym: راح (rāḥ)

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ظ ل ل
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

Noun

ظِلّ • (ḍill) m (plural ظلال (ḍilāl))

  1. shadow
  2. shade

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill)

Pronunciation

 

Readings
Classical reading? zill
Dari reading? zill
Iranian reading? zell
Tajik reading? zill

Noun

Dari ظل
Iranian Persian
Tajik зилл

ظل • (zell) (plural ظلال (zelāl))

  1. shadow, shade
  2. shelter, protection, aegis

References

  • Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “ظل”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia