كم

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See also: کم and گم

Arabic

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Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Adverb

كَمْ • (kam)

  1. how many?, how much? (used with accusative noun)
    كَمْ كِتَابًا تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ؟
    kam kitāban turīdu ʔan taštariya?
    How many books do you want to buy?
  2. how many!, how much! (used with مِنْ (min))
    كَمْ مِنْ كُتُبٍ هُنَا!
    kam min kutubin hunā!
    Oh, how many books are here!

Etymology 2

Artificial formation from the word above.

Pronunciation

Noun

كَمّ • (kamm) m

  1. quantity, multitude
    اَلْعِبْرَةُ بِٱلْكَيْفِ لَا بِٱلْكَمِّ
    al-ʕibratu bi-l-kayfi lā bi-l-kammi
    What matters is quality, not quantity.
  2. (physics) quantum
Declension
Declension of noun كَمّ (kamm)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كَمّ
kamm 		الْكَمّ
al-kamm 		كَمّ
kamm
Nominative كَمٌّ
kammun 		الْكَمُّ
al-kammu 		كَمُّ
kammu
Accusative كَمًّا
kamman 		الْكَمَّ
al-kamma 		كَمَّ
kamma
Genitive كَمٍّ
kammin 		الْكَمِّ
al-kammi 		كَمِّ
kammi

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Pronoun

ـكُمْ • (-kum) m pl (enclitic form of أَنْتُم (ʔantum))

  1. you, your (masculine plural) (bound object pronoun)
    السَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْ as-salāmu ʿalaykum — "peace be upon you"

Etymology 4

Compare ب ك م (b-k-m).

Verb

كَمَّ • (kamma) I (non-past يَكُمُّ (yakummu), verbal noun كَمّ (kamm))

  1. to cover up, to close up by enveloping, to muzzle
Conjugation
    Conjugation of كَمَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u, full passive (?), verbal noun كَمّ)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر 		كَمّ
kamm
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل 		كَامّ
kāmm
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول 		مَكْمُوم
makmūm
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m كَمَمْتُ
kamamtu 		كَمَمْتَ
kamamta 		كَمَّ
kamma 		كَمَمْتُمَا
kamamtumā 		كَمَّا
kammā 		كَمَمْنَا
kamamnā 		كَمَمْتُمْ
kamamtum 		كَمُّوا
kammū
f كَمَمْتِ
kamamti 		كَمَّتْ
kammat 		كَمَّتَا
kammatā 		كَمَمْتُنَّ
kamamtunna 		كَمَمْنَ
kamamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أَكُمُّ
ʔakummu 		تَكُمُّ
takummu 		يَكُمُّ
yakummu 		تَكُمَّانِ
takummāni 		يَكُمَّانِ
yakummāni 		نَكُمُّ
nakummu 		تَكُمُّونَ
takummūna 		يَكُمُّونَ
yakummūna
f تَكُمِّينَ
takummīna 		تَكُمُّ
takummu 		تَكُمَّانِ
takummāni 		تَكْمُمْنَ
takmumna 		يَكْمُمْنَ
yakmumna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أَكُمَّ
ʔakumma 		تَكُمَّ
takumma 		يَكُمَّ
yakumma 		تَكُمَّا
takummā 		يَكُمَّا
yakummā 		نَكُمَّ
nakumma 		تَكُمُّوا
takummū 		يَكُمُّوا
yakummū
f تَكُمِّي
takummī 		تَكُمَّ
takumma 		تَكُمَّا
takummā 		تَكْمُمْنَ
takmumna 		يَكْمُمْنَ
yakmumna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أَكُمَّ, أَكُمِّ, أَكْمُمْ
ʔakumma, ʔakummi, ʔakmum 		تَكُمَّ, تَكُمِّ, تَكْمُمْ
takumma, takummi, takmum 		يَكُمَّ, يَكُمِّ, يَكْمُمْ
yakumma, yakummi, yakmum 		تَكُمَّا
takummā 		يَكُمَّا
yakummā 		نَكُمَّ, نَكُمِّ, نَكْمُمْ
nakumma, nakummi, nakmum 		تَكُمُّوا
takummū 		يَكُمُّوا
yakummū
f تَكُمِّي
takummī 		تَكُمَّ, تَكُمِّ, تَكْمُمْ
takumma, takummi, takmum 		تَكُمَّا
takummā 		تَكْمُمْنَ
takmumna 		يَكْمُمْنَ
yakmumna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m كُمَّ, كُمِّ, اُكْمُمْ
kumma, kummi, ukmum 		كُمَّا
kummā 		كُمُّوا
kummū
f كُمِّي
kummī 		اُكْمُمْنَ
ukmumna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m كُمِمْتُ
kumimtu 		كُمِمْتَ
kumimta 		كُمَّ
kumma 		كُمِمْتُمَا
kumimtumā 		كُمَّا
kummā 		كُمِمْنَا
kumimnā 		كُمِمْتُمْ
kumimtum 		كُمُّوا
kummū
f كُمِمْتِ
kumimti 		كُمَّتْ
kummat 		كُمَّتَا
kummatā 		كُمِمْتُنَّ
kumimtunna 		كُمِمْنَ
kumimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m أُكَمُّ
ʔukammu 		تُكَمُّ
tukammu 		يُكَمُّ
yukammu 		تُكَمَّانِ
tukammāni 		يُكَمَّانِ
yukammāni 		نُكَمُّ
nukammu 		تُكَمُّونَ
tukammūna 		يُكَمُّونَ
yukammūna
f تُكَمِّينَ
tukammīna 		تُكَمُّ
tukammu 		تُكَمَّانِ
tukammāni 		تُكْمَمْنَ
tukmamna 		يُكْمَمْنَ
yukmamna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m أُكَمَّ
ʔukamma 		تُكَمَّ
tukamma 		يُكَمَّ
yukamma 		تُكَمَّا
tukammā 		يُكَمَّا
yukammā 		نُكَمَّ
nukamma 		تُكَمُّوا
tukammū 		يُكَمُّوا
yukammū
f تُكَمِّي
tukammī 		تُكَمَّ
tukamma 		تُكَمَّا
tukammā 		تُكْمَمْنَ
tukmamna 		يُكْمَمْنَ
yukmamna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m أُكَمَّ, أُكَمِّ, أُكْمَمْ
ʔukamma, ʔukammi, ʔukmam 		تُكَمَّ, تُكَمِّ, تُكْمَمْ
tukamma, tukammi, tukmam 		يُكَمَّ, يُكَمِّ, يُكْمَمْ
yukamma, yukammi, yukmam 		تُكَمَّا
tukammā 		يُكَمَّا
yukammā 		نُكَمَّ, نُكَمِّ, نُكْمَمْ
nukamma, nukammi, nukmam 		تُكَمُّوا
tukammū 		يُكَمُّوا
yukammū
f تُكَمِّي
tukammī 		تُكَمَّ, تُكَمِّ, تُكْمَمْ
tukamma, tukammi, tukmam 		تُكَمَّا
tukammā 		تُكْمَمْنَ
tukmamna 		يُكْمَمْنَ
yukmamna
Derived terms

Noun

كِمّ • (kimm) m (plural أَكْمَام (ʔakmām) or أَكِمَّة (ʔakimma) or كِمَام (kimām) or أَكَامِيم (ʔakāmīm))

  1. calyx of a flower, the envelope or spathe of a palm-tree or the like
Declension
Declension of noun كِمّ (kimm)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كِمّ
kimm 		الْكِمّ
al-kimm 		كِمّ
kimm
Nominative كِمٌّ
kimmun 		الْكِمُّ
al-kimmu 		كِمُّ
kimmu
Accusative كِمًّا
kimman 		الْكِمَّ
al-kimma 		كِمَّ
kimma
Genitive كِمٍّ
kimmin 		الْكِمِّ
al-kimmi 		كِمِّ
kimmi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كِمَّيْن
kimmayn 		الْكِمَّيْن
al-kimmayn 		كِمَّيْ
kimmay
Nominative كِمَّانِ
kimmāni 		الْكِمَّانِ
al-kimmāni 		كِمَّا
kimmā
Accusative كِمَّيْنِ
kimmayni 		الْكِمَّيْنِ
al-kimmayni 		كِمَّيْ
kimmay
Genitive كِمَّيْنِ
kimmayni 		الْكِمَّيْنِ
al-kimmayni 		كِمَّيْ
kimmay
Plural basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural diptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَكْمَام‎; أَكِمَّة‎; كِمَام‎; أَكَامِيم
ʔakmām‎; ʔakimma‎; kimām‎; ʔakāmīm 		الْأَكْمَام‎; الْأَكِمَّة‎; الْكِمَام‎; الْأَكَامِيم
al-ʔakmām‎; al-ʔakimma‎; al-kimām‎; al-ʔakāmīm 		أَكْمَام‎; أَكِمَّة‎; كِمَام‎; أَكَامِيم
ʔakmām‎; ʔakimmat‎; kimām‎; ʔakāmīm
Nominative أَكْمَامٌ‎; أَكِمَّةٌ‎; كِمَامٌ‎; أَكَامِيمُ
ʔakmāmun‎; ʔakimmatun‎; kimāmun‎; ʔakāmīmu 		الْأَكْمَامُ‎; الْأَكِمَّةُ‎; الْكِمَامُ‎; الْأَكَامِيمُ
al-ʔakmāmu‎; al-ʔakimmatu‎; al-kimāmu‎; al-ʔakāmīmu 		أَكْمَامُ‎; أَكِمَّةُ‎; كِمَامُ‎; أَكَامِيمُ
ʔakmāmu‎; ʔakimmatu‎; kimāmu‎; ʔakāmīmu
Accusative أَكْمَامًا‎; أَكِمَّةً‎; كِمَامًا‎; أَكَامِيمَ
ʔakmāman‎; ʔakimmatan‎; kimāman‎; ʔakāmīma 		الْأَكْمَامَ‎; الْأَكِمَّةَ‎; الْكِمَامَ‎; الْأَكَامِيمَ
al-ʔakmāma‎; al-ʔakimmata‎; al-kimāma‎; al-ʔakāmīma 		أَكْمَامَ‎; أَكِمَّةَ‎; كِمَامَ‎; أَكَامِيمَ
ʔakmāma‎; ʔakimmata‎; kimāma‎; ʔakāmīma
Genitive أَكْمَامٍ‎; أَكِمَّةٍ‎; كِمَامٍ‎; أَكَامِيمَ
ʔakmāmin‎; ʔakimmatin‎; kimāmin‎; ʔakāmīma 		الْأَكْمَامِ‎; الْأَكِمَّةِ‎; الْكِمَامِ‎; الْأَكَامِيمِ
al-ʔakmāmi‎; al-ʔakimmati‎; al-kimāmi‎; al-ʔakāmīmi 		أَكْمَامِ‎; أَكِمَّةِ‎; كِمَامِ‎; أَكَامِيمِ
ʔakmāmi‎; ʔakimmati‎; kimāmi‎; ʔakāmīmi
Descendants
  • → Ottoman Turkish: كم (kimm, “calyx of a flower”)
  • → Persian: کما (kamâ, kemâ, komâ, “mace, the envelope of nutmeg”)

Noun

كُمّ • (kumm) m (plural أَكْمَام (ʔakmām) or كِمَمَة (kimama))

  1. sleeve of a garment
Declension
Declension of noun كُمّ (kumm)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كُمّ
kumm 		الْكُمّ
al-kumm 		كُمّ
kumm
Nominative كُمٌّ
kummun 		الْكُمُّ
al-kummu 		كُمُّ
kummu
Accusative كُمًّا
kumman 		الْكُمَّ
al-kumma 		كُمَّ
kumma
Genitive كُمٍّ
kummin 		الْكُمِّ
al-kummi 		كُمِّ
kummi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal كُمَّيْن
kummayn 		الْكُمَّيْن
al-kummayn 		كُمَّيْ
kummay
Nominative كُمَّانِ
kummāni 		الْكُمَّانِ
al-kummāni 		كُمَّا
kummā
Accusative كُمَّيْنِ
kummayni 		الْكُمَّيْنِ
al-kummayni 		كُمَّيْ
kummay
Genitive كُمَّيْنِ
kummayni 		الْكُمَّيْنِ
al-kummayni 		كُمَّيْ
kummay
Plural basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَكْمَام‎; كِمَمَة
ʔakmām‎; kimama 		الْأَكْمَام‎; الْكِمَمَة
al-ʔakmām‎; al-kimama 		أَكْمَام‎; كِمَمَة
ʔakmām‎; kimamat
Nominative أَكْمَامٌ‎; كِمَمَةٌ
ʔakmāmun‎; kimamatun 		الْأَكْمَامُ‎; الْكِمَمَةُ
al-ʔakmāmu‎; al-kimamatu 		أَكْمَامُ‎; كِمَمَةُ
ʔakmāmu‎; kimamatu
Accusative أَكْمَامًا‎; كِمَمَةً
ʔakmāman‎; kimamatan 		الْأَكْمَامَ‎; الْكِمَمَةَ
al-ʔakmāma‎; al-kimamata 		أَكْمَامَ‎; كِمَمَةَ
ʔakmāma‎; kimamata
Genitive أَكْمَامٍ‎; كِمَمَةٍ
ʔakmāmin‎; kimamatin 		الْأَكْمَامِ‎; الْكِمَمَةِ
al-ʔakmāmi‎; al-kimamati 		أَكْمَامِ‎; كِمَمَةِ
ʔakmāmi‎; kimamati
Descendants

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic كَمْ (kam).

Determiner

كم • (kam, kamm)

  1. how many
  2. a few

Usage notes

  • كم (kam) is always followed by a singular noun.

Karakhanid

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kem (“who”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰚𐰢 (kem, “who, whoever”), Turkish kim (“who, whoever”).

Pronoun

كم (kim)

  1. (interrogative) who

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic كُمّ (kumm).

Pronunciation

Noun

كم • (kumm) m (plural كمام (kmām))

  1. sleeve (part of a garment that covers the arm)

Ottoman Turkish

كم

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Ancient Greek κημός (kēmós, “muzzle; nosebag”).

Noun

كم • (gem) (definite accusative كمی (gemi), plural كملر (gemler))

  1. bit, a piece of metal placed in a horse's mouth and connected to the reins to direct the animal
Derived terms
Descendants

Further reading

click to expand

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic كِمّ (kimm, “calyx of a flower”).

Noun

كم • (kimm) (definite accusative كمی (kimmi), plural كمام (kimâm) or اكمام (ekmâm))

  1. (botany) calyx, the outermost whorl of flower parts, which covers and protects the petals as they develop
Descendants

Further reading

click to expand

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

ـكو (-ku)

Suffix

ـكم • (-kom) pl

  2. Enclitic form of إنتو (ʔintu)
  3. you, your (plural)
See also
South Levantine Arabic enclitic pronouns
Singular Plural
after consonant after vowel
1st person after verb ـني (-ni) ـنا (-na)
else ـِي (-i) ـي (-y)
2nd person m ـَك (-ak) ـك (-k) ـكُم (-kom) / ـكو (-ku)
f ـِك (-ek) ـكي (-ki)
3rd person m ـُه (-o) ـه (-h) ـهُم (-hom)
f ـها (-ha)

Etymology 2

From Arabic كَمْ (kam).

Alternative forms

Determiner

كم • (kam, kamm)

  1. how many (+ من)
    كم مرّة سمعت: شو ممكن الواحد يعمل بالأردن؟
    kam marra smeʕt: šu mumken il-wāḥad yaʕmel bil-ʔurdun?
    How many times did you hear: What can someone do in Jordan?
  2. a few, some, several (+ من)
    Synonym: بعض (baʕḍ)
    خلّينا نلتقي بالقدس بعد كم يوم.
    ḵallīna niltaʔi bil-ʔuds baʕd kam yōm.
    Let's meet in Jerusalem after a few days.
  3. how long (+ إلـ)
    كم إلها بتتعلّم عربي؟
    kam ʔilha btitʕallam ʕarabi?
    How long has she been learning Arabic?
Usage notes
  • كم (kam) is always followed by a singular noun.
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