勇武
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Chinese
| brave | martial; military | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (勇武) | 勇 | 武 | |
| simp. #(勇武) | 勇 | 武 | |
Etymology
Attested earliest in Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals:
- 夫執介冑而後能拒敵者，故非聖人之所貴也。君子顯之於服，而勇武者消其誌於貌也矣。
- From: Dong Zhongshu, Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals, . 2016 translation by Sarah A. Queen & John S. Major)
- Fú zhí jièzhòu ér hòu néng jùdí zhě, gù fēi shèngrén zhī suǒguì yě. Jūnzǐ xiǎn zhī yú fú, ér yǒngwǔ zhě xiāo qí zhì yú mào yě yǐ.
- Those who are able to stop the enemy only after “grasping armor and helmet” are certainly not those whom the sage prized. The Noble Man manifested this in his dress. The intentions of the brave and martial were vitiated his appearance.
夫执介冑而后能拒敌者，故非圣人之所贵也。君子显之于服，而勇武者消其志于貌也矣。
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǒngwǔ
- Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ ㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǒngwǔ
- Wade–Giles: yung3-wu3
- Yale: yǔng-wǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeongwuu
- Palladius: юнъу (junʺu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ u²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jung5 mou5
- Yale: yúhng móuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jung5 mou5
- Guangdong Romanization: yung5 mou5
- Sinological IPA (key): /jʊŋ¹³ mou̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: yowngX mjuX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*loŋʔ m(r)aʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*loŋʔ maʔ/
Adjective
勇武
- valiant; courageous (in battle)
- 今世人舍慈仁，但為勇武，舍其儉約，但為奢泰，舍其後己，但為人先，所行如此，動入死地。
- From: 老子河上公章句 (Heshang Gong's commentaries on the Tao Te Ching), .
- Jīn shìrén shè círén, dàn wéi yǒngwǔ, shè qí jiǎnyuē, dàn wéi shētài, shè qí hòujǐ, dàn wéi rénxiān, suǒxíng rúcǐ, dòng rù sǐdì.
- Anybody in this world who neglects kindness and humaneness, while acting daringly and bellicosely; who neglects frugality, while acting wastefully; who neglects to put themselves behind others, while putting themselves before others; such actions are like walking into a deathtrap.
今世人舍慈仁，但为勇武，舍其俭约，但为奢泰，舍其后己，但为人先，所行如此，动入死地。
Synonyms
- (literary) 麃麃 (biāobiāo)
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 勇 | 武 |
| ゆう Grade: 4 |
ぶ Grade: 5 |
| goon | kan'on |
Etymology
Appears to be a learned borrowing from Chinese 勇武 (yǒngwǔ). First cited to a text from the early 1600s.
Pronunciation
Adjective
勇武 • (yūbu) -na (adnominal 勇武な (yūbu na), adverbial 勇武に (yūbu ni))
- valourous or courageous in battle
Inflection
Inflection of 勇武
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 勇武だろ | ゆうぶだろ | yūbu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 勇武で | ゆうぶで | yūbu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 勇武だ | ゆうぶだ | yūbu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 勇武な | ゆうぶな | yūbu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 勇武なら | ゆうぶなら | yūbu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 勇武であれ | ゆうぶであれ | yūbu de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 勇武ではない 勇武じゃない |
ゆうぶではない ゆうぶじゃない |
yūbu de wa nai yūbu ja nai |
| Informal past | 勇武だった | ゆうぶだった | yūbu datta |
| Informal negative past | 勇武ではなかった 勇武じゃなかった |
ゆうぶではなかった ゆうぶじゃなかった |
yūbu de wa nakatta yūbu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 勇武です | ゆうぶです | yūbu desu |
| Formal negative | 勇武ではありません 勇武じゃありません |
ゆうぶではありません ゆうぶじゃありません |
yūbu de wa arimasen yūbu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 勇武でした | ゆうぶでした | yūbu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 勇武ではありませんでした 勇武じゃありませんでした |
ゆうぶではありませんでした ゆうぶじゃありませんでした |
yūbu de wa arimasen deshita yūbu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 勇武で | ゆうぶで | yūbu de |
| Conditional | 勇武なら（ば） | ゆうぶなら（ば） | yūbu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 勇武だったら | ゆうぶだったら | yūbu dattara |
| Volitional | 勇武だろう | ゆうぶだろう | yūbu darō |
| Adverbial | 勇武に | ゆうぶに | yūbu ni |
| Degree | 勇武さ | ゆうぶさ | yūbusa |
Noun
See also
References
- ^ “勇武”, in 日本国語大辞典 (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN