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See also:
U+7565, 略
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7565

CJK Unified Ideographs
U+F976, 略
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F976

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order
Japan

Han character

(Kangxi radical 102, +6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田竹水口 (WHER), four-corner 67064, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 762, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21839
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1172, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2541, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7565

Chinese

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raɡ): semantic (field) + phonetic (OC *klaːɡ) – to walk around a field (to outline it).

Etymology

"to plunder, to pillage"
Possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo rawk (to loot, to raid (not to kill)). STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-m-(p)rawk, which is likely an allofam of Proto-Kuki-Chin *m-ru:k "to steal".
(lüè) is a graphic variant of this sense.
"sharp"
"From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rak (to cut, tear, maul, lacerate). Cognate with Burmese မြက် (mrak, to cut keenly) and မြ (mra., sharp), Jingpho mya (torn, ragged), Dimasa (džə brau, to scratch, maul, claw), Drung pra (to cut (with sharp instruments)).
"to trace out; to measure (an area); to plan; plan, method; boundary, frontier"
Possible allofams are (OC *ras, “outline, sketch”) and possibly (OC *raŋ, *raŋs, “to measure (v.), a measure (n.)”)
"outline, sketch, strategy, summary, brief"
Possibly same etymon as sense "to trace out, to plan". Possibly cognate with (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”)
"to omit, to leave out"

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation


Note:
  • lio̍k/lia̍k - literary;
  • lio̍h - vernacular.
Note:
  • liag8 - literary;
  • lioh8/liêh8 - vernacular (liêh8 - Chaozhou).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /lyɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /liau⁵³/
/lyɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /lye⁵³/
Jinan /luə²¹/
Qingdao /lyə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lyo²⁴/
Xi'an /luo⁵³/
Xining /lyu⁵³/
Yinchuan /lye¹³/
Lanzhou /lyə¹³/
Ürümqi /lyɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /nio²¹³/
Chengdu /nyo³¹/
Guiyang /nio²¹/
Kunming /lio³¹/
Nanjing /loʔ⁵/
Hefei /lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /lyəʔ²/
Pingyao /liʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /liaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /liaʔ¹/
Suzhou /liɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /liɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /liɛ²¹³/
Hui Shexian /liɔ²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /lio²⁴/
Xiangtan /nio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /liɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /liok̚⁵/
Taoyuan /liok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lœk̚²/
Nanning /lœk̚²²/
Hong Kong /lœk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /liɔk̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /luoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /liɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /liak̚⁵/
/lioʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /liɔk̚³/
/lio³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ljak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/liɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/liɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɨak̚/
Li
Rong
/liak̚/
Wang
Li
/lĭak̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/li̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lüè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
loek6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
lüè
Middle
Chinese
‹ ljak ›
Old
Chinese
/*ak/
English draw a boundary; outline

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 3892
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡ·raɡ/

Definitions

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to draw boundaries; to outline; to trace out
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) boundary; outline; border
  3. plan; strategy; summary; outline
  4. brief; abbreviated
  5. to omit; to leave out
  6. slightly; marginally
  7. approximately; roughly
  8. to plunder; to pillage
  9. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) sharp; keen (Shi)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. plan, strategy
  2. to omit
  3. to abbreviate
  4. to invade

Readings

  • Go-on: らく (raku)
  • Kan-on: りゃく (ryaku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おさめる (osameru, 略める)はかる (hakaru, 略る)はかりごと (hakarigoto, )

Compounds

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
りゃく
Grade: 5
on'yomi

Noun

(りゃく) (ryaku

  1. omission
    以下(いか)(りゃく)
    ikaryaku
    as above
  2. abbreviation; short for
    (とっ)(きゅう)(とく)(べつ)(きゅう)(こう)(りゃく)
    Tokkyū wa tokubetsukyūkō no ryaku.
    Tokkyū is the abbreviation of tokubetsukyūkō.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 간략할 (gallyakhal ryak), word-initial (South Korea) 간략할 (gallyakhal yak))

  1. hanja form? of / (brief, concise)

(eumhun 다스릴 (daseuril ryak), word-initial (South Korea) 다스릴 (daseuril yak))

  1. hanja form? of / (approximately, roughly)
  2. hanja form? of / (outline)

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: lược, trước

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