禮義

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Chinese

		gift; propriety; rite	justice; righteousness; meaning
trad. (禮義)		禮	義
simp. (礼义)		礼	义

Etymology

Attested in Pre-Qin texts.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǐyì

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˇ ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁵ ji⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lé-gī

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǐyì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˇ ㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐyì
  - Wade–Giles: li³-i⁴
  - Yale: lǐ-yì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liiyih
  - Palladius: лии (lii)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²¹⁴⁻²¹ i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁵ ji⁶
  - Yale: láih yih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁵ ji⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁵ yi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯¹³ jiː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lé-gī
  - Tâi-lô: lé-gī
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lefgi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡi³³/

Middle Chinese: lejX ngjeH

Rime
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	盧啓切	宜寄切
Baxter	lejX	ngjeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei^X/	/ŋˠiᴇ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lei^X/	/ŋᵚiɛ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi^X/	/ŋiɛ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj^X/	/ŋjiə̆^H/
Li Rong	/lei^X/	/ŋje^H/
Wang Li	/liei^X/	/ŋǐe^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei^X/	/ŋie̯^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁵	ji⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ˤijʔ ŋ(r)aj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*riːʔ ŋrals/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐ	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ lej^X ›	‹ ngje^H ›
Old Chinese	/*ˁijʔ/	/*ŋ(r)aj-s/
English	propriety, ceremony	duty; justice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be -t or -p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禮	義
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7839	13045
Phonetic component	豊	我
Rime group	脂	歌
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	禮	議
Old Chinese	/*riːʔ/	/*ŋrals/

Noun

禮義

propriety and righteousness
- 萬鍾則不辨禮義而受之。萬鍾於我何加焉？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  万钟则不辨礼义而受之。万钟于我何加焉？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wànzhōng zé bù biàn lǐyì ér shòu zhī. Wànzhōng yú wǒ hé jiā yān?
  And yet a man will accept of ten thousand zhong, without any consideration of propriety or righteousness. What can the ten thousand zhong add to him?
- 有上下然後禮義有所錯。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  有上下然后礼义有所错。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: I Ching, 11^th – 8^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǒu shàngxià ránhòu lǐyì yǒu suǒcuò.
  When (the distinction of) high and low had existence, afterwards came the arrangements of propriety and righteousness.
ceremony; etiquette; rituals; rites; protocol; decorum

Synonyms

(ritual):

儀式／仪式 (yíshì)
典禮／典礼 (diǎnlǐ)
式 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
禮儀／礼仪 (lǐyí)

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