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- (accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
- -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
- -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.- I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
- It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).
Hungarian case suffixes
| Case
|
Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú
|
Front vowel
|
unrounded
e, é, i, í
|
rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
|
| nominative
|
—
|
| accusative
|
-t
|
| -ot / -at
|
-et
|
-öt
|
| dative
|
-nak
|
-nek
|
| instrumental
|
-val
|
-vel
|
| causal-final
|
-ért
|
| translative
|
-vá
|
-vé
|
| terminative
|
-ig
|
| essive-formal
|
-ként
|
| essive-modal
|
-ul
|
-ül
|
| inessive
|
-ban
|
-ben
|
| superessive
|
-n
|
| -on
|
-en
|
-ön
|
| adessive
|
-nál
|
-nél
|
| illative
|
-ba
|
-be
|
| sublative
|
-ra
|
-re
|
| allative
|
-hoz
|
-hez
|
-höz
|
| elative
|
-ból
|
-ből
|
| delative
|
-ról
|
-ről
|
| ablative
|
-tól
|
-től
|
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
alma — almában, but almaként
zene ― zenében, but zeneként
|