. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
you have here. The definition of the word
will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
masculine strong part 2
words in -ar
words in -ar that contract
- NOTE: stem *DOES* include -r by default.
- NOTE: default dative of words whose stem ends in vowel or -r after a vowel is -/-, except when contraction takes place (it produces a two-consonant cluster in the dative).
- NOTE: For simplicity, all proper names except those whose stem ends in a vowel have dati as the default.
- hamar (“hammer”) (dat pl hömrum); also humar (“lobster”), jaðar (“edge”) (dat pl jöðrum), gagar (“?”) (archaic), kamar (“privy, outdoor toilet”), lokar (“?”) (archaic), nafar (“auger, gimlet”), compounds
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Declension of hamar (masculine)
words in -ar that don't contract
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Declension of radar (masculine)
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Declension of bikar (masculine)
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Declension of gítar (masculine)
- dat-/-, sg-only: kopar (“copper”); also pipar (“pepper”), agar (“agar?”) (also neuter), hasar (“action?”)
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Declension of kopar (sg-only masculine)
- dat-/i:-: tsar (“tsar”) (dat pl tsörum); also zar (“tsar (proscribed)”)
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Declension of tsar (masculine)
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Declension of Ánar (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Ásar (sg-only masculine)
- poetic, monosyllabic
- mar (“sea (poetic, in a collective sense)”); dat sg in -:-i/-num:-inum per BÍN; gen in -ar per Thomson and BÍN
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Declension of mar (sg-only masculine)
- mar (“horse (poetic)”); dat sg in -:-i/-num:-inum per BÍN; gen in -s per Thomson and BÍN; pl in -ar or -ir; dat pl mörum
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Declension of mar (masculine)
words in -or
- NOTE: stem *DOES* include -r by default.
- NOTE: default dative of words whose stem ends in vowel or -r after a vowel is -/-.
- NOTE: For simplicity, all proper names except those whose stem ends in a vowel have dati as the default.
- dat-/-: bor (“drill”) (also eldbor (“?”), trébor (“?”), vélbor (“?”)); also doktor (“doctor”), lektor (“professor”), mótor (“motor”), prófessor (“professor”), rektor (“high school principal; university president”), traktor (“tractor”), hónor (“?”), major (“?”), príor (“?”), faktor (“?”), kantor (“?”), mentor (“?”), pastor (“?”), signor (“?”) (archaic), vektor (“?”)
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Declension of bor (masculine)
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Declension of hor (sg-only masculine)
- dat-:i/-: flúor (“flourine”) (also neuter; also masculine flúr)
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Declension of flúor (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Tor (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Amor (sg-only masculine)
- dat-: Orator (organization name)
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Declension of Orator (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Ektor (sg-only masculine)
words in -er, -ér, -eir, -ír, -úr, -yr
- NOTE: stem *DOES* include -r by default.
- NOTE: default dative of words whose stem ends in vowel or -r after a vowel is -/-.
- NOTE: For simplicity, all proper names except those whose stem ends in a vowel have dati as the default.
in -er
- dat-:i/-; ver (“man, husband (poetic)”)
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Declension of ver (masculine)
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Declension of her (masculine)
- dat-/-; hver (“hot spring??”)
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Declension of hver (masculine)
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Declension of eter (sg-only masculine)
- NOTE: ver (“wake of oars; stroke of oars”) not in BÍN; claimed to be dat-/-, gen in -s, pl in -ir
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Declension of ver (masculine)
- neuter
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Declension of ver (neuter)
- dat-; Per (male given name); also Ver
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Declension of Per (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Grer (sg-only masculine)
in -eir
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Declension of geir (masculine)
- dat-:i/-, sg-only; eir (“copper”)
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Declension of eir (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of leir (sg-only masculine)
- dat-; Geir (male given name)
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Declension of Geir (sg-only masculine)
in -ír
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Declension of gír (masculine)
- dat-/-, sg-only; tír (“honor”)
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Declension of tír (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Kasmír (sg-only masculine)
- dat-; Amír (male given name)
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Declension of Amír (sg-only masculine)
in -úr
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Declension of múr (masculine)
- dat-/-; gúr (“gourd???”); also súr (“???”), asúr (“???”), lasúr (“enamel glaze???”)
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Declension of gúr (sg-only masculine)
- dat-/-; skúr (“rain shower”) (usually feminine)
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Declension of skúr (masculine)
- dat-:i/-:i; flúr (“fluorine”) (proscribed for flúor)
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Declension of flúr (sg-only masculine)
- dati: Artúr (male given name)
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Declension of Artúr (sg-only masculine)
in -yr
- dat-/-; byr (“fair wind”)
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Declension of byr (masculine)
- dat-/-; styr (“battle, disturbance”)
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Declension of styr (sg-only masculine)
- dat-/-; hyr (“fire (poetic)”)
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Declension of hyr (sg-only masculine)
- dat-/-; Styr (male given name)
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Declension of Styr (sg-only masculine)
words without -ur in masculine singular
ending in two consonants
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Declension of botn (masculine)
- dat i/i, sg-only; svefn (“sleep”)
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Declension of svefn (sg-only masculine)
- dat i/i, with umut; afl (“forge”), gafl (“gable”), hrafn (“raven”), jarl (“earl, count”), jaxl (“molar (tooth)”), kall (“guy, dude; ten-krónur bill”), karl (“man, guy”) (hákarl (“shark”); dat pl hákörlum), skafl (“snowdrift; sand drift”), stafn (“stem (of ship)”), vagl (“tie beam”), vagn (“wagon”) (barnavagn (“baby carriage”), strætisvagn (“city bus”))
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Declension of afl (masculine)
- dat i/i, with loss of -s in gen sg after C + s; foss (“waterfall”), háls (“neck”), koss (“kiss”), kross (“cross”)
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Declension of foss (masculine)
- dat i/i, with umut and loss of -s in gen sg after C + s; dans (“dance”), lax (“salmon”), rass (“ass, posterior”), vals (“rotating cylinder in machinery; waltz”)
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Declension of dans (masculine)
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Declension of lax (masculine)
- dat i:-/i, with loss of -s in gen sg after C + s; prins (“prince”)
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Declension of prins (masculine)
- dat i:-/i, with umut and loss of -s in gen sg after C + s; krans (“wreath, garland”)
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Declension of krans (masculine)
- dat -/i, with loss of -s in gen sg after C + s; pels (“fur; fur coat”)
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Declension of pels (masculine)
- dat -/i, with umut and loss of -s in gen sg after C + s; mars (“March; march (military song)”), sjans (“chance”) (also séns)
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Declension of mars (masculine)
- dat i:-, with loss of -s in gen sg after C + s, indef/sg only; lamasess (“disrepair; standstill, paralysis”)
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Declension of lamasess (sg-only masculine)
- personal names
- dat i; Hrafn (male given name), Jón (male given name), Karl (male given name)
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Declension of Hrafn (sg-only masculine)
- dat -; Mars (“Mars (planet; male given name; Roman god)”)
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Declension of Mars (sg-only masculine)
ending in one consonant
monosyllabic
- dat i:-/-; ós (“river mouth”)
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Declension of ós (masculine)
- dat -:i/-; ás (“beam; axle; ridge, long hill; ace”); also bás (“stall in cow barn”), hnaus (“piece of turf”), lás (“lock”) (rennilás (“zipper”)), ys (“noise”)
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Declension of ás (masculine)
- dat -:i/-:i; plús (“plus (sign)”)
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Declension of plús (masculine)
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Declension of ís (masculine)
- dat -/-; haus (“head”); also þys (“noise”)
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Declension of haus (masculine)
- dat -/-, pl -ir with i-mut; ás (“ás (type of Norse god)”)
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Declension of ás (masculine)
: dat sg ás per BÍN but æsi per Thomson
polysyllabic
common nouns
- dat i/-:i; biskup (“bishop (priest; chess)”)
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Declension of biskup (masculine)
- dat -:i/-:i, gen -/-s; tennis (“tennis”)
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Declension of tennis (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of kjaftás (masculine)
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Declension of barón (masculine)
- dat -/i, sg-only; saffran (“saffron”) (also safran (“same, proscribed”); more commonly neuter)
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Declension of saffran (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of ananas (masculine)
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Declension of kompás (masculine)
- dat -/-, sg-only; kandís (“sugar candy”), maís (“corn, maize”), spíritus (“spirit, alcohol”)
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Declension of kandís (sg-only masculine)
- dat -/-, sg-only; selsíus (“Celsius”)
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Declension of selsíus (sg-only masculine)
- dat -/-, sg-only, proscribed; Celsíus (“Celsius”)
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Declension of Celsíus (sg-only masculine)
proper nouns
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Declension of Satan (masculine)
- dat -; Júpíter (“Jupiter (planet; Roman god)”) (Júpiter (“same, proscribed”))
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Declension of Júpíter (sg-only masculine)
- dat -; Plútó (“Pluto (planet; Roman god)”); dat- is the default for stems ending in a vowel
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Declension of Plútó (sg-only masculine)
- FIXME: pp. 58-60 in Thomson
words in -ll (not preceded by a/i/u)
common nouns
- NOTE: Defaults to dat-/- when not a proper name.
- dat -/-; bíll (“car”); gen sg bíls; also: aðmíráll (“admiral”), áll (“eel”), annáll (“annal, yearbook”), díll (“mark, stain; (colloquial) deal”), fíll (“elephant”), gúll (“oral cavity”), kjóll (“dress”), konsúll (“consul”), magáll (“tripe”), makríll (“mackerel”), múll (“muzzle; mule”), panell (“paneling”) (rarely also panill), píll (“willow (archaic)”), póll (“pole”), stíll (“style; theme, essay”), vefstóll (“loom”)
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Declension of bíll (masculine)
- dat-/-, sg-only; skríll (“mob, rabble”)
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Declension of skríll (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of hvoll (masculine)
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Declension of hóll (masculine)
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Declension of hæll (masculine)
- dat-:i/-; stóll (“chair”)
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Declension of stóll (masculine)
proper nouns
- NOTE: Defaults to dati when a proper name.
- Njáll (male given name); also Ársæll, Páll
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Declension of Njáll (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Þorkell (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Þorkell (sg-only masculine)
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Declension of Hóll (sg-only masculine)
stem ends in -ll
- moll (“minor, minor key”)
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Declension of moll (masculine)
words in -ll (preceded by a/i/u)
common nouns
- NOTE: Most masculine nouns in -all/-ill/-ull contract so this is the default. Use `.-con` to turn off contraction. With contraction, dat i/i is the default.
- dati/i; buffall (“buffalo”), gaffall (“fork”) (dat pl göfflum), humall (“hop (plant)”), kaðall (“rope”) (dat pl köðlum), staðall (“standard”) (dat pl stöðlum), þumall (“thumb”) biðill (“suitor”), depill (“point”), ekkill (“widower”), fífill (“dandelion”), flygill (“grand piano”), gerill (“bacterium”), hefill (“plane (tool)”), hemill (“brake”), hnykill (“ball of yarn”), hreyfill (“propeller; motor”), kirtill (“gland; tonsil”), lykill (“key”), meitill (“chisel”), nirfill (“miser”), pensill (“paintbrush”), riffill (“rifle”), seðill (“slip of paper; bank bill”), sendill (“errand boy”), sirkill (“compass (geometry)”), snigill (“snail”), sníkill (“parasite”), spegill (“mirror”), spergill (“asparagus”), sýkill (“pathogen”), titill (“title”), trefill (“scarf”), ventill (“valve”), vindill (“cigar”), víxill (“bill of exchange”), þistill (“thistle”), bödull (“executioner”), böggull (“package”), djöfull (“devil”), heigull (“coward”), glacier, möndull (“axis; axle”), segull (“magnet”), skutull (“harpoon”), söðull (“lady's saddle”), tigull (“rhombus; diamond (cards)”), tígull (“same as previous; much more common”), öngull (“fish hook”), öxull (“axis; axle”)
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Declension of þumall (masculine)
- dati/i, sg-only; aðall (“nobility, aristocracy”)
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Declension of aðall (sg-only masculine)
- dati/-:i without contraction, dat i/i with contraction; rafall (“generator”) (also rafali; dat pl rafölum without contraction, röflunum with contraction)
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Declension of rafall (masculine)
nominative
|
rafall
|
rafallinn
|
rafalar, raflar
|
rafalarnir, raflarnir
|
accusative
|
rafal
|
rafalinn
|
rafala, rafla
|
rafalana, raflana
|
dative
|
rafali, rafli
|
rafalnum, rafalinum, raflinum
|
rafölum, röflum
|
rafölunum, röflunum
|
genitive
|
rafals
|
rafalsins
|
rafala, rafla
|
rafalanna, raflanna
|
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Declension of kórall (masculine)
- dat-/-, sg-only, without contraction; kanill (“cinnamon”) (also kanell)
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Declension of kanill (sg-only masculine)
- NOTE: Thomson claims kórall (“coral”) and kristall (“crystal”) are irregular in having singular stem in -al but plural stem in -all. If this was once the case, it is no longer per BÍN; they just lack contraction. Note umlaut in dat pl kórölum and kristölum.
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Declension of kórall (masculine)
- dati/i; ketill (“ketill”); un-i-mutates when contracted to dat sg katli, nom pl katlar, and then u-mutates in dat pl to kötlum
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Declension of ketill (masculine)
- dati/i; Egill (male given name); un-i-mutates when contracted to dat sg Agli; likewise Ketill (male given name), Ketill (place name)
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Declension of Egill (sg-only masculine)
proper nouns
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Declension of Vífill (sg-only masculine)
words in -nn (not preceded by a/i/u)
common nouns
- NOTE: Defaults to dati/i, both common and proper.
- dat i/i; fleinn (“spear”)
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Declension of fleinn (masculine)
; also grammófónn (“phonograph, gramophone (dated)”), hreinn (“reindeer”), kapteinn (“captain”), prjónn (“knitting needle”), steinn (“rock, stone”) (flögusteinn (“slate”), múrsteinn (“brick”), skorsteinn (“chimney”)), sveinn (“boy, young man”), teinn (“rod, rail”), þjónn (“(man)servant; waiter”)
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Declension of daunn (sg-only masculine)
- dat i:-/i; húnn (“knob”); also tónn (“tone (music)”)
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Declension of húnn (masculine)
- dat i:-/i, sg-only; dúnn (“down (feathers)”)
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Declension of dúnn (sg-only masculine)
proper nouns
- dat i/i; Sveinn (male given name); also Beinteinn, Bergsveinn, Hreinn, Kolbeinn, Marteinn, Steinn (Aðalsteinn, Bergsteinn, Eysteinn, Freysteinn, Friðsteinn, Gunnsteinn, Hafsteinn, Hallsteinn, Hersteinn, Hólmsteinn, Jósteinn, Sigursteinn, Unnsteinn, Vésteinn, Þorsteinn)
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Declension of Sveinn (sg-only masculine)
words in -nn (preceded by a/i/u)
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Declension of himinn (masculine)
words in -ó
- acc/dat -, gen variously -s or -, nom acc dat gen pl -ar -a -um -a
- strætó (“city bus”), næturstrætó (“night bus”)
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Declension of strætó (masculine)
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Declension of Strætó (sg-only masculine)
- gaggó (“junior high, middle school”)
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Declension of gaggó (masculine)
- menntó (“senior high, gymnasium”) (behaves like a proper noun)
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Declension of menntó (sg-only masculine)
- Kennó (“the Teachers' College”) (from Kennaraskóla), Astró (“?”), Borgó (“?”) (from Borgarholtsskóla), Bríó (“?”), Foldó (“?”) (from Foldaskóla), Hafró (“?”) (from Hafrannsóknastofnun (“Marine Research Institute”) of Norway), Hagó (“?”) (from Hagaskóla), Húsó (“?”) (company name), Kvennó (“?”) (from Kvennaskóla), Meló (“?”) (from Melaskóla), Menntó (“?”) (from Menntaskóla), Tónó (“?”) (from Tónlistarskóla), Való (from Valhúsaskóla), Versló (company name)/Verzló (company name) (from Verslunarskóla Íslands (“Iceland Business School”))
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Declension of Kennó (sg-only masculine)
- Bjössaróló (“?”), Bó (“nickname”), Bóbó (“nickname”), Brúnó (“male given name”), Dittó (“male given name”), Dúmbó (“?”), Erró (“artist's name”), Eyjó (“nickname”), Filpó (“male given name”), Fígaró (“company name”), Galíleó (“Galileo”), Harbó (“male given name”), Húgó (“male given name”), Ingó (“nickname”), Jagó (“Iago?”), Kató (“male given name”), Keikó (“?”), Kristó (“nickname”), Leó (“male given name”), Leónardó (“Leonardo (da Vinci)”), Marinó (“male given name”), Marínó (“male given name”), Markó (“male given name”), Mekkinó (“male given name”), Míó (“male given name”), Nemó (“Nemo”), Neró (“Nero”), Nýló (“?”) (from Nýlistasafn (“Museum of Contemporary Art”)), Októ (“male given name”), Ottó (“male given name”), Plató (“Plato; male given name”), Plútó (“Pluto (planet, Roman god)”), Rambó (“Rambo”), Rómeó (“Romeo”), Teó (“male given name”), Theó (“male given name”), Tító (“Tito”), Varnó (“male given name”), Viggó (“male given name”), Óþelló (“Othello”)
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Declension of Bjössaróló (sg-only masculine)
- Sigló (from Siglufjörður)
- bóleró (“?”), róló (“playground”) (either masculine or neuter), evró (“Euro (dated)”), faraó (“pharaoh”), kanó (“canoe”), kímonó (“kimono”), kæró (“? (informal)”) (also feminine and neuter), leó (“lion? (archaic)”), mambó (“mambo?”), pesó (“peso”) (informal; correctly but rarely pesi), pikkóló (“piccolo”), pusjó (“?”), síseró (“?”), sleikjó (“lollipop”)
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Declension of bóleró (masculine)
- sóló (“solo”) (also feminine, neuter)
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Declension of sóló (masculine)
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Declension of tangó (masculine)
- NOTE: Some nouns in -ó are not masculine (it depends on what the noun was clipped from), but these are all masculine.