cel

Translingual

Symbol

cel

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Celtic languages.

English

Alternative forms

• cell

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛl/
• Homophones: cell, sell
• Rhymes: -ɛl

Etymology 1

Clipping of celluloid.

Noun

cel (plural cels)

1. A piece of celluloid on which has been drawn a frame of an animated film.
   • 2008 June 22, Michael Hirschorn, “Success Story 2”, in New York Times‎:

     After Jobs’s $5 million offer was rejected, the team attempted to do a deal with Disney, then a bastion of hand-painted cel animation.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Clipping of celibate.

Noun

cel (plural cels)

1. clipping of celibate.

Synonyms

• celibate
• truecel

Derived terms

Anagrams

• CLE, ECL, LCE, LEC

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin caelum, from Proto-Italic *kailom, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂i-lom (“whole”), from *keh₂i-. Compare Occitan cèl.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

cel m (plural cels)

1. sky
2. heaven

Derived terms

• arc del cel
• celobert
• gratacel

Related terms

• celeste

Further reading

• “cel” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “cel”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “cel” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “cel” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Crimean Tatar

Noun

cel

1. (Northern dialect) gale, wind

Usage notes

• Literary form: yel

Declension

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

cel f

1. genitive plural of cela

Noun

cel n

1. genitive plural of clo

Verb

cel

1. second-person singular imperative of celit

Dutch

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:

cel

Wikipedia ^nl

Etymology

From Middle Dutch celle, from Latin cella.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sɛl/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: cel
• Rhymes: -ɛl

Noun

cel f (plural cellen, diminutive celletje n)

1. cell (a compartment)
   1. component of a battery
   2. (biology) component of a body tissue
   3. (architecture) a small room, such as a prison or cloister cell
   4. (entomology) cell – of a honeycomb
   5. (computer science) cell – of a table

Synonyms

• (prison cell): gevangeniscel
• (cloister cell): kloostercel

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: sel
• → Indonesian: sel
• → Papiamentu: sèl

Latvian

Verb

cel

1. inflection of celt:
   1. second-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Old French

Alternative forms

• cil, chil, chel

Etymology

From an earlier cil, from Vulgar Latin *ecce ille, a compound of Latin ecce and ille. Largely replaced cist used in earlier Old French.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (unstressed) /t͡səl/
• IPA^(key): (stressed) /ˈt͡sɛl/

Adjective

cel m (oblique and nominative feminine singular cele)

1. this (the one in question)

Declension

Synonyms

• cist (chiefly 12^th and 13^th centuries)

Descendants

• Middle French: cel
  • French: ce
  • Lorrain: ceil

Old Occitan

Etymology

From Latin caelum.

Noun

cel m

1. Heaven

Descendants

• Occitan: cèl, ciau, ciel, cèu

Old Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Czech cíl. First attested in the fifteenth century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /t͡sɛːlʲ/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /t͡selʲ/

Noun

cel m ?

1. target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile)
   • 1930 [Fifteenth century], “I Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎, 20, 20:

     A ia trsy strzali wipusczø podle gego y wistrzelyø, iako bich zwikal strzelyacz ku celu (quasi exercens me ad signum)

     [A ja trzy strzały wypuszczę podle jego i wystrzelę, jako bych zwykał strzelać ku celu (quasi exercens me ad signum)]

Derived terms

Descendants

• Masurian: cél
• Polish: cel, cyl, czel
  • → Esperanto: celo
  • → Kashubian: cél
  • → Russian: цель (celʹ)
  • → Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)
• Silesian: cyl

References

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “cel”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “cel”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡sɛl/
• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sel/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛl
• Syllabification: cel

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Polish cel. Compare German Ziel.

Noun

cel m inan

1. goal, aim, objective, target (that which one attempts to achieve)
2. target (butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile)
3. target, aim (person or object that is the focus of one's actions)
4. goal, aim, objective; destination (place where one would like to go)
5. (archaic, firearms) foresight (front sight of a rifle)

   Synonym: muszka

6. (Middle Polish) end point, borderline
7. (Middle Polish) deadline

   Synonym: termin

8. (Middle Polish) racetrack; stadium
9. (Middle Polish) measuring instrument for determining the direction of a straight line (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
10. (Middle Polish) respect

    Synonyms: poważanie, szacunek

11. (Middle Polish) abyss

    Synonym: przepaść

Declension

Alternative forms

• cyl, czel (Middle Polish)

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• → Esperanto: celo
• → Kashubian: cél
• → Russian: цель (celʹ)
• → Ukrainian: ціль (cilʹ)

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), cel is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 79 times in scientific texts, 69 times in news, 85 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 18 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 266 times, making it the 190th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

cel f

1. genitive plural of cela

Further reading

• cel in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• cel in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “cel”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Krystyna Siekierska (22.01.2019) “CEL”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “cel”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “cel”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861‎
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “cel”, in Słownik języka polskiego‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 259

Portuguese

Etymology

Clipping of celular.

Pronunciation

Noun

cel m (plural cels)

1. (Brazil, Internet slang) mobile phone

   Synonym: celular

Romanian

Alternative forms

• чел (cel) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Etymology

From acel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Determiner

cel m or n (feminine singular cea, masculine plural cei, feminine and neuter plural cele)

1. (popular) that

   Synonyms: acel, acela, ăl, ăla

Declension

Article

cel m or n (feminine singular cea, masculine plural cei, feminine and neuter plural cele)

1. the

Declension

Pronoun

cel m or n (feminine singular cea, masculine plural cei, feminine and neuter plural cele)

1. the one (that is)

   Cel bogat face cum vrea, cel sărac face cum poate.

   The rich one does as he pleases, the poor one does as he can.

Declension

Derived terms

• celălalt

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡séːʋ/

Adjective

cẹ̑ł (not comparable)

1. whole

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

• “cel”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Etymology

Clipping of celular.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /ˈθel/
• IPA^(key): (Latin America) /ˈsel/
• Rhymes: -el
• Syllabification: cel

Noun

cel m (plural celes)

1. (Latin America) cell phone, mobile phone

   Synonym: celular

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Noun

cel (nominative plural cels)

1. cherry

Declension