knave

English

Etymology

From Middle English knave, knafe, from Old English cnafa (“child, boy, youth; servant”), from Proto-West Germanic *knabō. Cognate to Dutch knaap and German Knabe.

Pronunciation

• enPR: nāv, IPA^(key): /neɪv/
• Rhymes: -eɪv

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Homophone: nave

Noun

knave (plural knaves)

1. (archaic) A boy; especially, a boy servant.
2. (archaic) Any male servant; a menial.
   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     Many a duteous and knee-crooking knave that, doting on his own obsequious bondage, wears out his time, much like his master's ass, For naught but provender, and when he's old – cashier'd! Whip me such honest knaves.

3. A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person.

   Synonyms: rogue, villain

   • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of Glubbdubdrib. ”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. , volume II, London: Benj Motte, , →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 108:

     I could plainly diſcover from whence one Family derives a long Chin; why a ſecond hath abounded with Knaves for two Generations, and Fools for two more; why a third happened to be crack-brained, and a fourth to be Sharpers.

   • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 44, in The History of Pendennis. , volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, , published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

     He was a man whom scarcely any amount of fortune could have benefited permanently, and who was made to be ruined, to cheat small tradesmen, to be the victim of astuter sharpers: to be niggardly and reckless, and as destitute of honesty as the people who cheated him, and a dupe, chiefly because he was too mean to be a successful knave.

   • 1908, W B M Ferguson, chapter II, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

     I had never defrauded a man of a farthing, nor called him knave behind his back. But now the last rag that covered my nakedness had been torn from me. I was branded a blackleg, card-sharper, and murderer.

   • 1951, Geoffrey Chaucer, translated by Nevill Coghill, The Canterbury Tales: Translated into Modern English (Penguin Classics), Penguin Books, published 1977, page 204:

     God's bones! Whenever I go to beat those knaves / my tapsters, out she [my wife] comes with clubs and staves, / "Go on!" she screams — and it's a caterwaul — / "You kill those dogs! Break back and bones and all!"

4. (card games) A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a jack.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:villain

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

• Kevan, Vanek

Middle English

Alternative forms

• cnave, knafe, cnafe, knaffe, knaue, knawe, knaf, knaw

Etymology

From Old English cnafa, from Proto-Germanic *knabô. Compare knape.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈknaːv(ə)/

Noun

knave (plural knaves or knaven)

1. son, male child (offspring)
2. boy, lad, male child or baby
3. guy, bloke, man
4. servant, hireling, menial
5. peasant, lowly individual
6. infantryman, soldier
7. knave, caitiff, despicable individual

Related terms

• knave child

Descendants

• English: knave
• Scots: knave, knafe, knaif

References

• “knāve, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-04-23.