कला
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See also: केला
Hindi
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कला (kalā).
Pronunciation
Noun
कला • (kalā) f (Urdu spelling کلا)
Declension
Declension of कला (fem ā-stem)
See also
| सफ़ेद (safed), श्वेत (śvet), ऊजर (ūjar) | धूसर (dhūsar), छाई (chāī) | काला (kālā), कृष्ण (kŕṣṇa), श्याम (śyām) |
| लाल (lāl), लोहित (lohit), सुर्ख़ (surx), राता (rātā); गहरा लाल (gahrā lāl), क़िरमिज़ी (qirmizī) | नारंगी (nāraṅgī), माल्टा (mālṭā); भूरा (bhūrā), पिङ्गल (piṅgal) | पीला (pīlā), पियर (piyar), पीत (pīt); मलाई (malāī) |
| नींबू (nīmbū), सुगा पंछी (sugā pañchī) | हरा (harā), हरित (harit) | |
| फ़िरोज़ा (firozā) | आकाशी (ākāśī), आसमानी (āsmānī) | नीला (nīlā), नील (nīl) |
| जामुनी (jāmunī); नील (nīl) | रानी (rānī); बैंगनी (baiṅgnī), जामुनी (jāmunī) | गुलाबी (gulābī), पाटल (pāṭal) |
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit कला (kalā). Cognate with Gujarati કલા (kalā), Hindi कला (kalā), Konkani कला (kalā), Nepali कला (kalā).
Pronunciation
Noun
कला • (kalā) f
Declension
| Declension of कला (fem ā-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
कला kalā | ||
| direct plural |
कला kalā | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
कला kalā |
कला kalā | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
कले kale |
कलां- kalān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
कलेला kalelā |
कलांना kalānnā | |
| ergative | कलेने, कलेनं kalene, kalena |
कलांनी kalānnī | |
| instrumental | कलेशी kaleśī |
कलांशी kalānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
कलेत kalet |
कलांत kalāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
कले kale |
कलांनो kalānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of कला (fem ā-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
कलेचा kaleċā |
कलेचे kaleċe |
कलेची kalecī |
कलेच्या kalecā |
कलेचे, कलेचं kaleċe, kaleċa |
कलेची kalecī |
कलेच्या kalecā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
कलांचा kalānċā |
कलांचे kalānċe |
कलांची kalāñcī |
कलांच्या kalāncā |
कलांचे, कलांचं kalānċe, kalānċa |
कलांची kalāñcī |
कलांच्या kalāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
Derived terms
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कला”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कला”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “कला”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
Old Gujarati
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Sanskrit कला (kalā).
Noun
कला • (kalā) f
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কলা (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬮᬵ (Balinese script)
- কলা (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰩𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀮𑀸 (Brahmi script)
- ကလာ (Burmese script)
- કલા (Gujarati script)
- ਕਲਾ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌲𑌾 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦭꦴ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂪𑂰 (Kaithi script)
- ಕಲಾ (Kannada script)
- កលា (Khmer script)
- ກລາ (Lao script)
- കലാ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠᠯᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘩𑘰 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᠯᠠ᠋ᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧉𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐮𑐵 (Newa script)
- କଲା (Odia script)
- ꢒꢭꢵ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆬𑆳 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖩𑖯 (Siddham script)
- කලා (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩽𑩛 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚥𑚭 (Takri script)
- கலா (Tamil script)
- కలా (Telugu script)
- กลา (Thai script)
- ཀ་ལཱ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒪𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨬𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Uncertain. The meaning "art" possibly borrowed from Dravidian *kal-ay "art, skill" related to *kal meaning "to learn". Compare கலை (kalai).
Noun
कला • (kalā́) stem, f
- a small part of anything, any single part or portion of a whole, especially a sixteenth part
- a digit or one-sixteenth of the moon’s diameter
- a symbolical expression for the number sixteen
- interest on a capital (considered as a certain part of it)
- a division of time (said to be 1/900 of a day or 1-6 minutes; or 1/1800 of a day or 0-8 minutes commentator or commentary on; or 2 minutes and 26 54/201 seconds; or 1 minute and 35 205/301, seconds, or 8 seconds)
- the sixtieth part of one-thirtieth of a zodiacal sign, a minute of a degree
- (prosody) a syllabic instant
- a term for the seven substrata of the elements or Dhatus of the human body (viz. flesh, blood, fat, phlegm, urine, bile, and semen)
- an atom (there are 3015 kalā-s or atoms in every one of the six dhātu-s, not counting the rasa-,therefore in all 18090)
- (with pāśupata-s) the elements of the gross or material world
- an embryo shortly after conception
- a designation of the three constituent parts of a sacrifice (viz. mantra-, dravya- and śraddhā-)
- the menstrual discharge
- any practical art, any mechanical or fine art (sixty-four are enumerated in the śaivatantra-;the following is a list of them: gītam-, vādyam-, nṛtyam-, nāṭyam-, ālekhyam-, viśeṣaka-cchedyam-, taṇḍula-kusuma-balivikārāḥ-, puṣpāstaranam-, daśana-vasanāṅgarāgāḥ-, maṇi-bhūmikā-karma-, śayana-racanam-, udaka-vādyam-, udaka-ghātaḥ-, citrā yogāḥ-, mālya-granthana-vikalpāḥ-, keśa-śekharāpīḍayojanam-, nepathya-yogāḥ-, karṇa-pattra-bhaṅgāḥ-, gandha-yuktiḥ-, bhūṣaṇa-yojanam-, indrajālam-, kaucumāra-yogāḥ-, hasta-lāghavam-, citraśākāpūpa-bhakṣya-vikāra-kriyā-, pānaka-rasarāgāsava-yojanam-, sūcīvāpa-karma-, vīṇā-ḍama-ruka-sūtra-krīḍā-, prahelikā-, pratimā-, durvacakayogāḥ-, pustaka-vācanam-, nāṭakākhyāyikā-darśanam-, kāvya-samasyā-pūraṇam-, paṭṭikā-vetrabāṇa-vikalpāḥ-, tarkū-karmāṇi-, takṣaṇam-, vāstu-vidyā-, rūpya-ratna-parīkṣā-, dhātu-vādaḥ-, maṇi-rāga-jñānam-, ākara-jñānam-, vṛkṣāyur-veda-yogāḥ-, meṣa-kukkuṭa-lāvaka-yuddha-vidhiḥ-, śuka-sārikā-pralāpanam-, utsādanam-, keśa-mārjana-kauśalam-, akṣara-muṣṭikā-kathanam-, mlechitaka-vikalpāḥ-, deśa-bhāṣā-jñānam-, puṣpa-śakaṭikā-nimitta-jñānam-, yantra-mātṛkā-, dhāraṇa-mātṛkā-, saṃpāṭyam-, mānasī kāvya-kriyā-, kriyā-vikalpāḥ-, chalitakayogāḥ-, abhidhāna-koṣa-cchando-jñānam-, vastra-gopanāni-, dyūta-viśeṣaḥ-, ākarṣaṇa-krīḍā-, bālaka-krīḍanakāni-, vaināyikīnāṃ vidyāṇāṃ jñānam-, vaijayikīnāṃ vidyānāṃ jñānam-)
- skill, ingenuity
- ignorance
- a low and sweet tone
- name of a grammatical commentary
Declension
| Feminine ā-stem declension of कला (kalā́) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कला kalā́ |
कले kalé |
कलाः kalā́ḥ |
| Vocative | कले kále |
कले kále |
कलाः kálāḥ |
| Accusative | कलाम् kalā́m |
कले kalé |
कलाः kalā́ḥ |
| Instrumental | कलया / कला¹ kaláyā / kalā́¹ |
कलाभ्याम् kalā́bhyām |
कलाभिः kalā́bhiḥ |
| Dative | कलायै kalā́yai |
कलाभ्याम् kalā́bhyām |
कलाभ्यः kalā́bhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कलायाः / कलायै² kalā́yāḥ / kalā́yai² |
कलाभ्याम् kalā́bhyām |
कलाभ्यः kalā́bhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कलायाः / कलायै² kalā́yāḥ / kalā́yai² |
कलयोः kaláyoḥ |
कलानाम् kalā́nām |
| Locative | कलायाम् kalā́yām |
कलयोः kaláyoḥ |
कलासु kalā́su |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
Descendants
- Central:
- Dardic:
- Northwestern:
- Southern:
- Eastern:
- Western:
- Gujarati: કળ (kaḷ)
- → Newar:
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Dravidian, compare Tamil கலம் (kalam).
Noun
कला • (kalā) stem, f
- a boat
Declension
| Feminine ā-stem declension of कला (kalā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | कला kalā |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
| Vocative | कले kale |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
| Accusative | कलाम् kalām |
कले kale |
कलाः kalāḥ |
| Instrumental | कलया / कला¹ kalayā / kalā¹ |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभिः kalābhiḥ |
| Dative | कलायै kalāyai |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | कलायाः / कलायै² kalāyāḥ / kalāyai² |
कलाभ्याम् kalābhyām |
कलाभ्यः kalābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | कलायाः / कलायै² kalāyāḥ / kalāyai² |
कलयोः kalayoḥ |
कलानाम् kalānām |
| Locative | कलायाम् kalāyām |
कलयोः kalayoḥ |
कलासु kalāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
Proper noun
कला • (kalā) stem, f
- a wife of Marichi
- a name of Sati (Hindu goddess)
Declension
| Feminine ā-stem declension of कला (kalā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative | कला kalā | ||
| Vocative | कले kale | ||
| Accusative | कलाम् kalām | ||
| Instrumental | कलया kalayā | ||
| Dative | कलायै kalāyai | ||
| Ablative | कलायाः kalāyāḥ | ||
| Genitive | कलायाः kalāyāḥ | ||
| Locative | कलायाम् kalāyām | ||
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “कला”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 261, column 1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kalā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 149
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “kalā́”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 321-2
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) “kalā”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 72