tort
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tort
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /tɔːt/
Audio (RP) (file) - (General American) enPR: tô(ɹ)t, IPA(key): /tɔɹt/
Audio (GA) (file) - Homophone: torte; taught, taut (in non-rhotic accents)
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)t
Etymology 1
From Middle English tort (“(uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong”), from Old French tort (“misdeed, wrong”) (modern French tort (“an error, wrong; a fault”)), from Medieval Latin tortum (“injustice, wrong”), a noun use of a neuter singular participle form of Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”), the perfect passive participle of torqueō (“to bend or twist awry, distort”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).
cognates
- Galician torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong, tort”)
- Italian torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) injustice, wrong”)
- Norwegian Bokmål tort (dated, now only in fixed expressions)
- Norwegian Nynorsk tort (dated, now only in fixed expressions)
- Occitan tort
- Old French tort (modern French tort)
- Portuguese torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong”)
- Spanish tuerto (“injury, offence”)
Noun
tort (plural torts)
- (law) A wrongful act, whether intentional or negligent, regarded as non-criminal and unrelated to a contract, which causes an injury and can be remedied in civil court, usually through the awarding of damages.
- Synonym: (Scots law) delict
- , London: for the Societe of Stationers, →OCLC, book 2, chapter 12, section 234, folio 158, verso:
- […] Wrong or Iniury, is in French aptly called Tort, becauſe Iniury & wrong is wreſted or crooked, being contrary to that which is right and ſtreight. […] And Britton ſaith that Tort a la ley eſt contrarye [a wrong to the law is contrary], and as aptly for the cauſe aforeſaid is iniury in English called wrong.]
- 1768, William Blackstone, “Of Wrongs, and Their Remedies, Respecting the Rights of Persons”, in Commentaries on the Laws of England, book III (Of Private Wrongs), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 117:
- Personal actions are ſuch vvhereby a man claims a debt, or perſonal duty, or damages in lieu thereof; and likevviſe vvhereby a man claims a ſatisfaction in damages for ſome injury done to his perſon or property. The former are ſaid to be founded on contracts, the latter upon torts or vvrongs: […] of the latter all actions for treſpaſſes, nuſances, aſſaults, defamatory vvords, and the like.
- 1891, Henry Campbell Black, “TORT”, in A Dictionary of Law , St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 1178, column 1:
- A tort is a legal wrong committed upon the person or property independent of contract. It may be either (1) a direct invasion of some legal right of the individual; (2) the infraction of some public duty by which special damage accrues to the individual; (3) the violation of some private obligation by which like damage accrues to the individual.
- (obsolete) An injury or wrong.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. , London: [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 4, page 172:
- Then gan triumphant Trompets ſovvnd on hye, / That ſent to heuen the ecchoed report / Of their nevv ioy, and happie victory / Gainſt him, that had them long oppreſt with tort, / And faſt impriſoned in ſieged fort.
- 1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale.”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. , London: William Ponsonbie, , →OCLC, signature P3, verso:
- For no vvild beaſts ſhould do them any torte / There or abroad, ne vvould his maieſtye / Vſe them but vvell, vvith gracious clemencye, / As vvhome he knevv to him both faſt and true; […]
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English tort, torte (“contorted, crooked; twisted”), from Old French tort, torte (“crooked; twisted”), or from its etymon Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”): see further at etymology 1.
Adjective
tort
- (obsolete) Twisted.
- 1569, Richard Grafton, “The Seuenth Age, and Seuenth Part of this Chronicle. Edwarde the Seconde.”, in A Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande , volume I, London: Henry Denham, , for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC, page 322:
- And the first that came and gaue them most comfort was Henry Erle of Lãcaster with yͤ wrieneck, called Tort coll [torticollis], who was brother to Thomas Erle of Lãcaster yͭ was behedded, as ye haue heard before, who was a right vertuous & good knight as after ye shal here.
Etymology 3
A variant of tart.
Adjective
tort (comparative more tort, superlative most tort)
Translations
synonym of tart — see tart
Etymology 4
A variant of taut.
Adjective
tort (comparative torter, superlative tortest) (British, dialectal, obsolete)
- Synonym of taut (“stretched tight; under tension”)
- 1847, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Initial, Dæmonic, and Celestial Love”, in Poems, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, →OCLC, part I (The Initial Love), page 158:
- Yet holds he them with tortest rein, / That they may seize and entertain / The glance that to their glance opposes, / Like fiery honey sucked from roses.
- (nautical) Of a boat: watertight.
Translations
synonym of taut — see taut
of a boat: watertight — see watertight
Etymology 5
Noun
tort (plural torts)
Translations
clipping of tortoise — see tortoise
Etymology 6
Noun
tort (plural torts)
- (slang) Clipping of tortoiseshell (“a domestic cat, guinea pig, rabbit, or other animal whose fur has black, brown, and yellow markings”); a tortie.
Translations
clipping of tortoiseshell — see tortoiseshell
References
- ^ “tort, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “tort, n.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2022; “tort, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- ^ “tort(e, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- ^ “† tort, adj.”, in OED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2021.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TORT”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: , volumes VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, , publisher to the English Dialect Society, ; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 198, column 2.
- ^ Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TART, adj. and sb.2”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: , volumes VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, , publisher to the English Dialect Society, ; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 35.
- ^ Joseph Wright, editor (1905), “TAUT, adj. and v.1”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: , volumes VI (T–Z, Supplement, Bibliography and Grammar), London: Henry Frowde, , publisher to the English Dialect Society, ; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 42, column 2.
Further reading
Anagrams
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Old Catalan tort, from Latin tortus (“twisted”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
tort (feminine torta, masculine plural torts, feminine plural tortes)
Derived terms
Related terms
Noun
tort m (plural torts)
References
- “tort” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “tort” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Estonian
Etymology
Noun
tort (genitive tordi, partitive torti)
- large cake; cream cake, gateau
Declension
| Declension of tort (ÕS type 22e/riik, t-d gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | tort | tordid | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | tordi | ||
| genitive | tortide | ||
| partitive | torti | torte tortisid | |
| illative | torti tordisse |
tortidesse tordesse | |
| inessive | tordis | tortides tordes | |
| elative | tordist | tortidest tordest | |
| allative | tordile | tortidele tordele | |
| adessive | tordil | tortidel tordel | |
| ablative | tordilt | tortidelt tordelt | |
| translative | tordiks | tortideks tordeks | |
| terminative | tordini | tortideni | |
| essive | tordina | tortidena | |
| abessive | tordita | tortideta | |
| comitative | tordiga | tortidega | |
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French tort, from Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɔʁ/
audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔʁ
- Homophones: tord, tords, tore, tores, tors, torts (general), taure, taures (one pronunciation)
Noun
tort m (plural torts)
- fault
- wrong, error
- Je regrette, vous avez tort. I'm afraid you are mistaken.
- Nous avons fait notre choix, à tort ou à raison. We have made our choice, rightly or wrongly.
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Volume I, Chapter IV:
- [J]e suis le valeureux don Quichotte de la Manche, le défaiseur de torts et le réparateur d’iniquités.
- ... I am the valiant Don Quixote of La Mancha, the undoer of wrongs and the repairer of iniquities.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “tort”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.
Anagrams
Hungarian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
tort
Middle English
Etymology
From Old French tort, from Latin tortum.
Pronunciation
Noun
tort (plural tortes)
Descendants
References
- “tort, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Borrowed from French tort, from Latin tortum.
Pronunciation
Noun
tort
- (law) offense against someone, an insult or inconvenience caused to someone
Usage notes
Only used in the legal phrase tort og svie.
Related terms
References
- “tort” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Verb
tort
Old French
Etymology
From Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Noun
tort oblique singular, m (oblique plural torz or tortz, nominative singular torz or tortz, nominative plural tort)
- wrong; misdeed (something considered wrong)
- 12th Century, Béroul, Tristan et Iseut:
- Sovent regrete le roi Marc
Son oncle, qui a fait tel tort- King Mark often regretted
That his uncle had done such a bad thing
- King Mark often regretted
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Latin tortum, substantive use of tortus, the past participle of torqueō (“twist, turn”).
Noun
tort m (oblique plural tortz, nominative singular tortz, nominative plural tort)
References
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “torquēre”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2: C Q K, page 1010
Polish
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
tort m inan (diminutive torcik, related adjective tortowy)
- torte, gateau (type of cake)
- birthday cake
Declension
Declension of tort
Derived terms
noun
Further reading
- tort in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tort in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Noun
tort n (plural torturi)
- thread (spun and made of hemp)
- quantity of spun threads
Declension
Declension of tort
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) tort | tortul | (niște) torturi | torturile |
| genitive/dative | (unui) tort | tortului | (unor) torturi | torturilor |
| vocative | tortule | torturilor | ||
Related terms
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Noun
tort n (plural torturi)
Declension
Declension of tort
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) tort | tortul | (niște) torturi | torturile |
| genitive/dative | (unui) tort | tortului | (unor) torturi | torturilor |
| vocative | tortule | torturilor | ||
See also
Veps
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
tort
Inflection
| Inflection of tort (inflection type 6/kuva) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative sing. | tort | ||
| genitive sing. | tortan | ||
| partitive sing. | tortad | ||
| partitive plur. | tortid | ||
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | tort | tortad | |
| accusative | tortan | tortad | |
| genitive | tortan | tortiden | |
| partitive | tortad | tortid | |
| essive-instructive | tortan | tortin | |
| translative | tortaks | tortikš | |
| inessive | tortas | tortiš | |
| elative | tortaspäi | tortišpäi | |
| illative | tortaha tortha |
tortihe | |
| adessive | tortal | tortil | |
| ablative | tortalpäi | tortilpäi | |
| allative | tortale | tortile | |
| abessive | tortata | tortita | |
| comitative | tortanke | tortidenke | |
| prolative | tortadme | tortidme | |
| approximative I | tortanno | tortidenno | |
| approximative II | tortannoks | tortidennoks | |
| egressive | tortannopäi | tortidennopäi | |
| terminative I | tortahasai torthasai |
tortihesai | |
| terminative II | tortalesai | tortilesai | |
| terminative III | tortassai | — | |
| additive I | tortahapäi torthapäi |
tortihepäi | |
| additive II | tortalepäi | tortilepäi | |
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “торт”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika