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See also:
U+674E, 李
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-674E

CJK Unified Ideographs
U+F9E1, 李
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E1

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

Translingual

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character

(Kangxi radical 75, +3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木弓木 (DND), four-corner 40407, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14459
  • Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1162, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+674E

Chinese

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script: Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *rɯʔ) : phonetic (OC *m·rɯːɡ, wheat) + semantic . The phonetic part became gradually corrupted to yield (“tree”).

Shuowen erroneously remarks that this is a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic (tree) + phonetic (OC *ʔslɯʔ).

Pronunciation


Note: lei5-2 - plum (fruit).
Note:
  • sā̤ - vernacular (plum);
  • lǐ - literary (surname).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /li²¹⁴/
Harbin /li²¹³/
Tianjin /li¹³/
Jinan /li⁵⁵/
Qingdao /li⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /li⁵³/
Xi'an /li⁵³/
Xining /l̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /li⁵³/
Lanzhou /li⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /li⁵¹/
Wuhan /ni⁴²/
Chengdu /ni⁵³/
Guiyang /ni⁴²/
Kunming /li⁵³/
Nanjing /li²¹²/
Hefei /zz̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /li⁵³/
Pingyao /li⁵³/
Hohhot /li⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /li²³/
Suzhou /li³¹/
Hangzhou /li⁵³/
Wenzhou /lei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /li³⁵/
Tunxi /li²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /li⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ni⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /li²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /li³¹/
Taoyuan /li³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lei²³/
Nanning /li²⁴/
Hong Kong /lei¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /li⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /li³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /li²¹/
/sɛ⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /li⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /li²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (37)
Final () (19)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter liX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/lɨX/
Pan
Wuyun
/lɨX/
Shao
Rongfen
/lieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/lɨX/
Li
Rong
/liəX/
Wang
Li
/lĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/liX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
lei5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ liX ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.rəʔ/
English plum

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 17869
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*rɯʔ/

Definitions

  1. plum (tree and fruit)
  2. Alternative form of (, judge; justice)
  3. a surname, listed fourth in the Baijiaxing
      ―  Bái  ―  Li Bai (Li Bo) (Tang dynasty poet)
    [Cantonese]  ―  lei5 lin4 git6   ―  Jet Li (Li Lianjie or Li Yangzhong)

Usage notes

In mainland China and among its expatriates, this surname is generally romanized as "Li" in accordance with the Hanyu Pinyin system. Although an identical transliteration is used in Wade-Giles, similarity in pronunciation to the English surname makes the romanization "Lee" more common in Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and elsewhere. A notable example of this is Bruce Lee.

Synonyms

Descendants

  • English: Li, Lee
  • German: Li
  • Tagalog: Dy, Dee (via Hokkien)

Compounds

References

Japanese

Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: (ri)
  • Kan-on: (ri)
  • Kun: すもも (sumomo, )
  • Nanori: もも (momo) (i)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
酸桃

Compound of (su, vinegar; sour) +‎ (momo, peach).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Noun

(すもも) or (スモモ) (sumomo

  1. plum (Prunus salicina)
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as スモモ.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese (MC liX).

Pronunciation

Affix

() (ri

  1. plum
Derived terms

Proper noun

() or () (Ri

  1. Japanese reading of the Chinese or Korean surname

(リー) or (りい) (

  1. Japanese reading of the Chinese surname

() or () (I

  1. Japanese reading of the South Korean surname
Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC liX).

Pronunciation

  • (initial position)
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
    • Phonetic hangul:
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
  • (non-initial position)

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 오얏나무 (oyannamu ri), word-initial (South Korea) 오얏나무 (oyannamu i))

  1. hanja form? of / (Lee, the second most common Korean surname.)
  2. (literary) hanja form? of / (plum tree)

Usage notes

This hanja is spelled (i) in South Korea due to 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: ,

  1. Chữ Hán form of (a surname from Chinese.).
    李公蘊Lý Công Uẩn
  2. a unisex given name

References