膠

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See also: 胶
膠 U+81A0, 膠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81A0
← 膟
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 膡 →

Translingual

Han character

膠 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 月尸一竹 (BSMH), four-corner 77222, composition ⿰⺼翏)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 993, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29841
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1445, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2109, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+81A0

Chinese

trad. 膠
simp. 胶*
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (翏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
醪 *ruːw
嫪 *ruːw, *rɯːws
嘐 *ɡ·ruːw, *krɯːw, *qʰrɯːw
賿 *rrɯːw, *rrɯːwʔ
顟 *rrɯːw
膠 *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw
轇 *krɯːw
摎 *krɯːw, *rɯw
髎 *riw, *rɯːw
熮 *riws, *rɯːw, *rɯwʔ
廖 *rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws
憀 *rɯːw, *rɯw
豂 *rɯːw
漻 *rɯːw
翏 *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws
寥 *rɯːw, *rɯːwɢ
蓼 *rɯːwʔ, *rɯwɢ
鄝 *rɯːwʔ
鷚 *mɡlɯw, *rɯwɢs, *mɡrɯw, *ɡrɯw
繆 *mlɯw, *mɡrɯw, *mrɯws, *mlɯwɢ
勠 *rɯw, *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
疁 *rɯw
飂 *rɯw, *rɯws
鏐 *rɯw, *rɯw
僇 *rɯwɢs, *rɯwɢ
瘳 *r̥ʰɯw
璆 *ɡlɯw, *ɡrɯw
謬 *mrɯws
蟉 *ɡ·rɯw, *ɡrɯw, *ɡrɯwʔ
樛 *krɯw
磟 *ruːwɢ, *rɯwɢ
戮 *rɯwɢ
剹 *rɯwɢ
穋 *rɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw) : semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Note:
  • gĕu/gău - literary;
  • gă - vernacular.
Note:
  • ka - vernacular;
  • kau - literary.
Rime
Character 膠 膠 膠
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 見 (28) 溪 (29) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 肴 (90) 肴 (90) 肴 (90)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) II II II
Fanqie 古肴切 口交切 古孝切
Baxter kaew khaew kaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠau/ /kʰˠau/ /kˠauH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚau/ /kʰᵚau/ /kᵚauH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kau/ /kʰau/ /kauH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaɨw/ /kʰaɨw/ /kaɨwH/
Li
Rong 		/kau/ /kʰau/ /kauH/
Wang
Li 		/kau/ /kʰau/ /kauH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kau/ /kʰau/ /kauH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiāo qiāo jiào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaau1 haau1 gaau3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 膠 膠
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiāo jiǎo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kæw › ‹ kæwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ˁriw/ /*ˁriwʔ/
English glue glue

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 膠 膠 膠
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
No. 8350 8354 8355
Phonetic
component 		翏 翏 翏
Rime
group 		幽 幽 幽
Rime
subdivision 		2 2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		交 敎 敲
Old
Chinese 		/*krɯːw/ /*krɯːws/ /*kʰrɯːw/
Notes 校本改目旁

Definitions

膠

  1. glue; adhesive; gum; resin
  2. rubber (material)
  3. to glue; to adhere
  4. sticky; gluey
  5. (Cantonese) plastic
  6. Short for 膠州／胶州 (Jiāozhōu).
  7. Short for 膠澳／胶澳. (former name of 青島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo))
  8. (Wenzhounese) swim bladder

Synonyms

  • (rubber):
Dialectal synonyms of 橡膠 (“rubber (material)”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 膠
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 膠皮, 橡膠
Taiwan 橡膠, 橡皮
Singapore 橡皮
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 膠皮, 橡膠
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 膠皮, 橡膠
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 橡膠, 橡皮, 膠皮
Wuhan 橡膠, 橡皮, 膠
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 橡膠
Hefei 橡膠
Cantonese Guangzhou 樹膠, 膠
Hong Kong 樹膠, 膠
Taishan 樹膠, 膠
Yangjiang 樹膠
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 樹溶
Gan Nanchang 橡膠, 橡皮
Hakka Meixian 樹仁仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 橡膠
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 橡膠
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 橡膠
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 橡膠
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 橡膠
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 橡膠
Jin Taiyuan 膠皮, 橡膠
Northern Min Jian'ou 橡膠, 樹奶
Eastern Min Fuzhou 橡膠, 樹奶
Southern Min Xiamen 樹奶
Quanzhou 樹奶
Zhangzhou 樹奶
Taipei 樹奶
Kaohsiung 樹奶
Penang (Hokkien) 樹奶
Singapore (Hokkien) 樹奶
Manila (Hokkien) goma, 樹奶
Chaozhou 樹奶
Wu Suzhou 橡膠, 橡皮
Wenzhou 橡皮
Xiang Changsha 橡膠, 橡皮
Shuangfeng 橡膠, 橡皮
  • (plastic):
Dialectal synonyms of 塑料 (“plastic”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 塑料
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 塑料
Taiwan 塑膠, 塑料
Malaysia 塑膠
Singapore 塑膠
Southwestern Mandarin Guilin 塑料
Cantonese Guangzhou 塑料, 塑膠, 膠
Hong Kong 塑膠, 膠
Taishan 塑膠, 膠
Kaiping (Chikan) 膠
Hakka Meixian 塑料
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 塑膠
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 塑膠
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 塑膠
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 塑膠
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 塑膠
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 塑膠
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 塑膠
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 塑膠
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 塑膠
Southern Min Xiamen 塑料
Quanzhou 塑料
Zhangzhou 塑料
Tainan 塑膠
Manila (Hokkien) 塑膠
Shantou 塑料
Shantou (Chaoyang) 塑料
Jieyang 塑料
Wu Shanghai 塑料
Ningbo 塑膠
  • (swim bladder):
Dialectal synonyms of 魚鰾 (“swim bladder”)
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 魚鰾, 鰾
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 魚尿脬
Chifeng 魚脬, 魚尿脬
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 魚尿脬
Harbin 魚泡兒
Shenyang 魚泡
Singapore 魚鰾
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 魚泡兒
Tangshan 魚尿脬
Cangzhou 魚尿包
Baoding 魚尿脬
Shijiazhuang 魚泡兒
Jinan 魚泡, 魚飄
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 魚泡兒
Qingdao 魚鰾兒
Central Plains Mandarin Zhengzhou 魚尿脬
Xi'an 魚脯兒
Xining 魚尿脬, 魚漂兒
Xuzhou 魚泡兒, 魚尿脬
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 魚泡, 魚泡兒
Lanzhou 魚泡兒
Ürümqi 魚泡兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 魚泡, 魚泡兒
Chongqing 魚泡兒
Wuhan 魚泡, 泡
Guiyang 魚鰾, 魚脬
Kunming 魚尿脬
Guilin 魚泡
Liuzhou 魚脬, 魚泡
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 魚泡泡, 魚脬兒
Yangzhou 魚泡子, 魚脬
Nantong 魚鰾, 魚泡
Hefei 魚泡
Cantonese Guangzhou 魚泡, 魚白
Hong Kong 魚泡
Macau 魚泡
Guangzhou (Panyu) 魚泡
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 魚泡
Guangzhou (Conghua) 魚泡
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 魚泡
Foshan 魚泡
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 魚泡
Foshan (Shunde) 魚泡
Foshan (Sanshui) 魚泡
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 魚泡
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 魚泡
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 魚泡
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 魚泡
Zhuhai (Doumen) 魚泡
Jiangmen (Baisha) 魚泡
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 魚泡
Taishan 魚泡
Kaiping (Chikan) 魚泡
Enping (Niujiang) 魚泡
Heshan (Yayao) 魚泡
Dongguan 魚泡
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 魚朵
Gan Nanchang 魚泡
Pingxiang 魚泡
Hakka Meixian 魚泡仔, 魚泡
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 魚鰾
Dongguan (Qingxi) 魚泡
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 魚白
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 魚鰾
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 魚泡
Heyuan (Bendihua) 魚泡
Wengyuan 魚鰾
Liannan 泡
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 魚泡
Jiexi 魚泡
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 魚泡
Changting 魚泡哩
Wuping (Yanqian) 魚泡
Ninghua 魚泡
Yudu 魚泡
Ningdu 魚鰾
Tonggu (Sandu) 魚泡
Ganzhou (Panlong) 魚鰾
Dayu 魚泡
Yangxi (Tangkou) 魚泡
Yangchun (Sanjia) 魚泡
Xinyi (Sihe) 魚泡
Xinyi (Qianpai) 魚泡
Gaozhou (Xindong) 魚泡
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 魚泡
Huazhou (Xin'an) 魚泡
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 魚泡
Lianjiang (Qingping) 魚泡
Mengshan (Xihe) 魚泡
Luchuan 魚泡
Huizhou Jixi 魚泡泡
Jin Taiyuan 魚泡兒, 魚鰾
Xinzhou 魚脬
Linhe 魚泡
Jining 魚泡
Hohhot 魚泡兒
Zhangjiakou 魚尿脬
Handan 魚泡兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 魚泡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 魚膠
Southern Min Xiamen 魚鰾
Quanzhou 魚鰾
Zhangzhou 魚鰾, 魚噗
Tainan 魚鰾
Singapore (Hokkien) 魚鰾
Shantou 魚鰾
Shantou (Chenghai) 魚鰾
Haikou 魚鰾
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 魚泡
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 魚泡
Wu Shanghai 魚泡泡
Shanghai (Chongming) 魚泡
Suzhou 魚鰾鰾
Hangzhou 魚泡泡兒
Ningbo 魚泡泡
Wenzhou 魚膠, 膠
Jinhua 魚泡
Xiang Changsha 魚脬
Loudi 魚脬

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Burmese: ကော် (kau)
  • → Khmer: កាវ (kaaw)
  • → Lao: ກາວ (kāo)
  • → Thai: กาว (gaao)
  • → Vietnamese: keo (non-Sino-Vietnamese)

Etymology 2

Near homophone of the vulgar word 鳩 / 鸠 (gau1).

Pronunciation

Definitions

膠 (Hong Kong Cantonese)

  1. (originally Internet slang) stupid; foolish; dumb
    膠劇／胶剧 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 kek6   ―  stupid soap operas
  2. (Internet slang) stupidness; stupidity (Classifier: 打 c)
  3. (originally Internet slang, offensive) idiot; retard
    左膠／左胶 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  zo2 gaau1   ―  leftard
    巴膠／巴胶 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  baa1 gaau1   ―  bus fans with bad behaviours
  4. (originally Internet slang, possibly offensive) nerd; enthusiast
    腳膠／脚胶 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  goek3 gaau1   ―  foot fetish
    巴膠／巴胶 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  baa1 gaau1   ―  bus enthusiast
  5. (chiefly Internet slang) to act stupidly; to act foolishly

Compounds

See also

  • :o) (commonly associated with the term)

Japanese

Kanji

膠

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. glue
  2. isinglass

Readings

  • Go-on: きょう (kyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)←かう (kau, historical)
  • Kun: にかわ (nikawa, 膠)

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
膠
にかわ
Hyōgai
kun'yomi

From 煮(に) (ni, “boiling”, 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 煮(に)る (niru).) + 皮(かわ) (kawa, “skin”).

Pronunciation

Noun

膠(にかわ) • (nikawa) ←にかは (nikafa)?

  1. glue made from animal hide, tendons, and bone

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

膠 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

膠: Hán Nôm readings: giao, keo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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